Afro-amerikaliklar tashqi siyosatda - African Americans in foreign policy

Afro-amerikaliklar tashqi siyosatda ichida Qo'shma Shtatlar kataloglar ajratilgan Afroamerikaliklar bilan ishlash orqali xalqaro taraqqiyot, diplomatiya va mudofaaga o'z hissasini qo'shgan va qo'shayotganlar AQSh Davlat departamenti, AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi, AQSh axborot agentligi, va AQSh Kongressi, va boshqa taniqli agentliklar va nodavlat tashkilotlar. Ijodkorlar tashqi aloqalar sohasida idoralararo hissalar mavjudligini tan oladilar va boshqa tegishli USG agentliklarida afroamerikaliklarning yutuqlarini namoyish etish uchun qo'shimcha tarkibni xush kelibsiz.

Afro-amerikaliklar Amerikaning tashqi siyosiy qarorlarida aks etadigan ko'rinadigan muammolarni yaratish uchun safarbar bo'lishdi. Afro-amerikaliklar global muammolar haqidagi bilimlardan foydalanishda va teng huquqlar uchun kurashda tushuncha va ittifoqchilarga ega bo'lish uchun butun dunyo bo'ylab rang-barang odamlar bilan aloqalarni yaratishda davom etmoqdalar. Ta'sir fuqarolik tashkilotlari, diniy institutlar yoki xarizmatik rahbarlardan bo'ladimi, afroamerikaliklar ovozi tashqi siyosatni qanday yaratish kerakligi to'g'risida o'z fikrlarini bayon qilishda jim bo'lmadi. Afro-amerikaliklar ham tavsiyalar berdilar va ularni shakllantirishda qatnashdilar Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining tashqi siyosati fuqarolik va inson huquqlari bo'yicha ichki siyosatni shakllantirish.^[1]

Birinchi afroamerikalik diplomat, Yale bitiruvchisi Ebenezer Don Karlos Bassett, 1869 yilda Prezident Uliss S. Grant tomonidan Gaitidagi doimiy vazir va bosh konsul lavozimiga tayinlangan. Bassett 1869 yilda 1930 yillarga qadar tayinlanganidan boshlab, AQSh ko'plab afroamerikalik vazirlarni, konsullarni va boshqa rasmiylarni Lotin Amerikasiga, shu jumladan mintaqalarga yubordi. Evropa, Osiyo va Afrika.^[2] Ushbu rasmiylarning aksariyati (shu jumladan Frederik Duglass, Jeyms Ueldon Jonson, Arxibald Grimke, Jorj Vashington Ellis va Genri Frensis Downing ) adabiy yozuvchilar ham edilar va ularning xalqaro diplomatiyadagi faoliyati ular davomida irqiy diplomatiyaga qanday yondashishlariga ta'sir ko'rsatdi Yangi negr davr va Harlem Uyg'onish davri.^[3] 1869 yilda Bassettning tayinlanishi orasida Gaitidagi har bir tayinlangan elchi afroamerikalik edi Medison Rozuell Smit 1912 yilda tayinlangan.^[4]

Bu 1924 yilgacha emas edi Rojers qonuni Konsullik va Diplomatik Xizmatni birlashtirdi, ular Jeyms Karter va Uilyam Yerbi muntazam ravishda tashqi xizmatga kelgan birinchi afroamerikaliklar bo'lishdi. Ularga qo'shilishdi Klifton Uorton, Sr. u 1961 yilda Norvegiyadagi elchi etib tayinlangan.^[5] Wharton, Sr.dan so'ng, keyingi 20 yil ichida boshqa biron bir afroamerikalik Tashqi xizmatga kirmadi. Ushbu davrda AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi va uning avvalgi tashkiloti, shuningdek, o'zlarini katta diplomatlar sifatida ajratib ko'rsatgan bir qator afroamerikaliklarni yolladilar.

Afro-amerikalik elchilar va yuqori martabali diplomatlar hammasi ham Davlat departamenti va USAID safidan kelgan emas. Sobiq Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Axborot agentligi 1950 va 1960-yillarning ikkinchi qismida afroamerikaliklarga qarshi faol yollash harakatlarini boshlagan va elchi lavozimiga erishgan ko'plab ofitserlarni jalb qilgan. Afro-amerikaliklar, shuningdek, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressi bilan xalqaro aloqalarda katta rol o'ynagan. Davlat kotiblari Madeleine Olbrayt tomonidan olib borilgan so'nggi harakatlar, Kolin L. Pauell va Kondoliza Rays va Xillari Klinton Departamentda xilma-xillikni oshirish va oz sonli ozchiliklarni Tashqi xizmatga jalb qilish uchun Afrikadagi amerikaliklarning Xizmatdagi vakillar sonining ko'payishi va butun dunyo bo'ylab afroamerikalik elchilarning yanada kengroq geografik tarqalishiga erishish uchun yaxshi natija berdi.^[6]

Sanoatning kashshoflari

Ushbu bo'lim sanoatning kashshoflari, chet elda AQSh hukumati vakili bo'lgan birinchi afroamerikaliklar va eng yuqori darajalarda AQSh hukumati tashqi aloqalar agentliklari vakili bo'lganlarning e'tiborini tortadi.

Birinchi afroamerikalik diplomat

Ebenezer Don Karlos Basset birinchi afroamerikalik edi diplomat . U 1869 yildan 1877 yilgacha Gaitida doimiy istiqomat qiluvchi vazir va bosh konsul bo'lgan.

Birinchi afroamerikalik konsul

1845 yil 29 oktyabrda, Tomas O. Larkin, AQShning konsuli Monterey, Kaliforniya (keyin Meksikaning bir qismi) tayinlangan Uilyam A. Leydsdorff Yerba Buenada vitse-konsul sifatida (hozir San-Fransisko ). Leydsdorf 1810 yilda Daniyaning G'arbiy Hindistonida (hozirgi AQSh Virjiniya orollari) daniyalik ekuvchi va Afro-Karib dengizi ayolida tug'ilgan. U 1834 yilda yashab, AQSh fuqarosi sifatida qabul qilingan. Yangi Orlean. Kaliforniyada yashab, er egaligini oshirish maqsadida 1844 yilda Meksika fuqarosi bo'ldi. Uning vitse-konsullik xizmati 1846 yil iyulda AQSh kuchlari Kaliforniyaning shimoliy qismini bosib olguncha davom etdi. Leydsdorff 1848 yil 18 mayda San-Frantsiskoda vafot etdi.

Birinchi afroamerikalik elchi

Edvard R. Dadli 1948 yilda Liberiya vaziri etib tayinlangan va lavozimiga ko'tarilgan Elchi 1949 yilda Liberiyaga.

Birinchi afroamerikalik ayol elchi

Patrisiya Roberts Xarris AQSh tarixidagi birinchi afroamerikalik ayol bo'lib, u elchi etib tayinlanganda elchi lavozimini egallagan Lyuksemburg 1965 yil 4 iyunda va 7 sentyabrda ishonch yorliqlarini topshirdi. 1967 yil 22 sentyabrgacha xizmat qildi.^[7]

Birinchi afroamerikalik karyera elchisi

Terens Todman Tashqi xizmatdagi eng yuqori daraja - mansab elchisi darajasiga ko'tarilgan birinchi afroamerikalik.

Birinchi afroamerikalik ayol mansab elchisi

Rut A. Devis - mansab elchisi darajasiga ko'tarilgan birinchi afroamerikalik ayol, bu tashqi xizmatdagi eng yuqori darajadir. Tashqi xizmatlar instituti direktori sifatida (1977–2001) Devis etakchilik va menejment maktabini tashkil qildi va tashqi xizmatning bosh direktori sifatida (2001 yildan 2003 yilgacha) u Diplomatik tayyorgarlik tashabbusiga rahbarlik qildi, shtat sonini ko'paytirdi va departamentga ushbu bo'lim bilan uchrashish imkoniyatini yaratdi. XXI asr tashqi siyosiy muammolari.

Birinchi afroamerikalik tashqi xizmat xodimi

Clifton Reginald Wharton Sr. 1924 yilda tashqi xizmat imtihonini topshirgandan so'ng, 1925 yilda chet el xizmatiga qo'shildi. U birinchi afroamerikalik bo'ldi Chet el xizmati xodimi 1958 yil 5 fevralda Ruminiyada vazir etib tayinlanganda diplomatik vakolatxonaning boshlig'i bo'lish. Ushbu tayinlash uni birinchi bo'lib Evropa davlatidagi diplomatik vakolatxonaning boshlig'i bo'lishiga olib keldi. U Ruminiyada 1960 yil 21 oktyabrgacha ishlagan. Keyinchalik 1961 yil 18 apreldan 1964 yil 4 sentyabrgacha Norvegiyada elchi bo'lib ishlagan.

Birinchi afroamerikalik tibbiyot direktori

Doktor LaRae Vashington Kemp Davlat departamentining sog'liqni saqlash masalalari bo'yicha kotibining yordamchisi va AQSh davlat departamenti va tashqi xizmatida tibbiyot direktori bo'lib ishlagan (1991-1994).

Elchi sifatida xizmat qilgan birinchi afroamerikalik davlat xizmatining xodimi

Barri L Uells Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari elchisi bo'lib ishlagan birinchi afroamerikalik davlat xizmatining xodimi. 2007 yil dekabrida Elchi etib tayinlanishidan oldin Gambiya, Uells 2007 yilning fevralida, bo'limning birinchi nomi sifatida nomlangan Turli xillik bo'yicha bosh ofitser Xalqaro xizmat institutidagi 17 yillik karerasidan so'ng va direktorning o'rinbosari sifatida yakunlandi.

Birinchi afroamerikalik davlat kotibi

Kolin Pauell tayinlandi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari davlat kotibi Prezident Jorj V.Bush tomonidan 2001 yil yanvar oyida, ish boshlagan afroamerikaliklar davlat kotibi bo'lgan. Davlat kotibi sifatida u departamentning eng yuqori martabali amaldori bo'lgan. Kotib Pauelldan oldin Klifton R. Uorton, kichik Departamentdagi afroamerikaliklarning eng yuqori martabasi bo'lgan.

Birinchi afroamerikalik ayol davlat kotibi

Kondoliza Rays 2005 yil 26 yanvarda Prezident Jorj V.Bush davridagi 66-davlat kotibi bo'ldi va davlat kotibi sifatida ishlagan birinchi afroamerikalik ayol. Davlat kotibi sifatida u departamentning eng yuqori martabali amaldori.

Birinchi afroamerikalik davlat kotibining o'rinbosari

Klifton R. Uorton, kichik 1973 yil 27 yanvardan 8 noyabrgacha Davlat departamentida ikkinchi raqamli lavozimni egallagan birinchi afroamerikalik edi. U kashshof tashqi xizmat xodimi Ambning o'g'li. Klifton R. Uorton, Sr.

Birinchi afroamerikalik davlat kotibining yordamchisi

Barbara M. Uotson 1968 yil 31-iyulda Xavfsizlik va Konsullik ishlari byurosining ma'muri bo'lib ishlagan va 1974 yil 31-dekabriga qadar ishlagan. 1977 yil 7-aprelda qayta tayinlangan. O'sha yilning 17-avgustida u davlat kotibining konsullik bo'yicha yordamchisi bo'ldi Ishlar va 1980 yil 11 sentyabrgacha xizmat qilgan. Shuningdek, u kotib yordamchisi unvoniga ega bo'lgan birinchi ayol bo'lib, keyinchalik elchi sifatida ishlagan. Malayziya 1980–81 yillarda.^[8]

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida AQSh vakili bo'lgan birinchi afroamerikalik

Sithson Sithson 1950 yil avgustida Prezident Garri Truman tomonidan AQShning Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotidagi muqobil vakili sifatida tayinlangan amerikalik diplomat bo'lib, uni BMTda rasman AQSh vakili bo'lgan birinchi afroamerikalikka aylantirdi.

Qo'shma Shtatlarning birinchi afroamerikalik prezidenti

Barak Obama Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining birinchi afro-amerikalik prezidenti bo'lib, prezident lavozimiga kelganidan beri mamlakat uchun tashqi siyosatni boshqarishda katta rol o'ynadi. U tashqi siyosiy muammolarni amalga oshirishga sodiqdir: "Iroqdagi urushni mas'uliyatli tarzda tugatish va kengroq mintaqaga e'tiborni qaratish; birinchi 21-asr harbiylarini qurish va uni qanday joylashtirishimizga donolik ko'rsatish; butunjahon harakatlarini ta'minlash" , ommaviy qirg'in qurollarini yo'q qilish va tarqalishini to'xtatish; Umumiy chaqiriqlarga javob berish va umumiy tahdidlarga qarshi kurashish uchun zarur bo'lgan ittifoq va sherikliklarni tiklash va qurish "global isish; shu jumladan; va umumiy insoniyatimizga tashqi yordam orqali sarmoya kiritish va barqaror demokratiya ustunlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash - kuchli qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyat, mustaqil sud hokimiyati, qoida qonun, jonli fuqarolik jamiyati, erkin matbuot va halol politsiya kuchlari.^[9]

Taniqli eslatmalar

• Jon Edvard G'arbiy Tompson 1885 yil 7-mayda prezident Klivlendning rezidenti va Gaitidagi bosh konsuli tomonidan tayinlangan.
• Jeyms Milton Tyorner Prezident Grant tomonidan AQSh vazirining doimiy ravishda Liberiyadagi bosh konsuli sifatida 1871-1878 yillarda tanlangan. Qul sifatida kamtarlik bilan boshlanganiga qaramay, Jeyms Milton Tyorner AQShdagi qayta qurish davrida taniqli afroamerikalik siyosatchiga aylandi.
• Uilyam Frank Pauell (1848-1920), 1897 yil 17-iyunda yangi favqulodda va vakolatli vazir elchisi unvoniga tayinlangan birinchi amerikalik bo'ldi. Gaiti (shuningdek, ishlarning muvaqqat vakili Dominika Respublikasi ) Prezident MakKinli tomonidan.
• Jon L. Uoller da konsul etib tayinlandi Tamatave, Madagaskar 1891 yil fevralda. U ushbu lavozimda 1894 yil yanvargacha xizmat qilgan.
• Jon Terres AQSh konsuli bo'lib xizmat qilgan Port-o-Prens 1905 yilda.
• Frederik Duglass, taniqli bekorchi, 1899 yilda Dominikan Respublikasining elchixonasida vaqtinchalik vakili sifatida ishlagan.^[10]
• Uilyam Xant, Uilyam Yerbi va Jyeyms Karterlar birinchi bo'lib afro-amerikalik FSOlar bo'lib, 1924 yilda Rojers to'g'risidagi qonun kuchga kirganida, "konsullik va diplomatik xizmatni birlashtirgan".
• "Lester" Aglar Uolton "Diplomatik korpus dekani" deb nomlangan. 1935 yil 2-iyulda u favqulodda va muxtor vazir sifatida yuborildi Liberiya, Prezident tomonidan Franklin D. Ruzvelt. Uolton 1935 yil iyulda Qo'shma Shtatlar vaziri etib tayinlandi. Garchi u elchi lavozimida ishlagan bo'lsa-da, AQShning Monroviyadagi elchixonasi 1949 yilgacha elchixona maqomiga ko'tarilmagan, shuning uchun uning unvoni rasmiy ravishda bunday deb yozilmagan.^[11]
• Jon L. Viters SR tashqi xizmatga kirgan afro-amerikaliklar orasida birinchi bo'ldi. U AQShning Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi bo'lib ishlagan va unga tayinlangan Laos, Tailand, Birma, Koreya, Efiopiya va Keniya. U dunyodagi eng yirik xorijiy yordam dasturlaridan biri bo'lgan USAID missiyasining Hindistondagi direktori lavozimida ishini yakunladi.^[12]
• Aurelia E. Brazeal Tashqi xizmatning birinchi afroamerikalik ayol xodimi (FSO) kirish darajasidan tashqi xizmatning yuqori darajalariga ko'tarildi. U Mikroneziya, Keniya va Efiopiyada elchi va Sharqiy Osiyo va Tinch okeani masalalari bo'yicha kotib yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'ldi.
• Rut A. Devis elchisi etib tayinlandi Benin Respublikasi va direktor sifatida ishlagan birinchi afroamerikalik ayol Chet el xizmatlari instituti va tashqi xizmat bosh direktori.
• Birinchi marta qora tanli amerikalik AQSh elchisi etib tayinlangan Mercer Kuk (Niger, 1961; Senegal, 1964; Gambiya, 1965)^[13]
• To'rt afroamerikalik, shu jumladan Terens Todman, Rut A. Devis, Johnny Young va kotibning Afrika masalalari bo'yicha sobiq yordamchisi Jorj E. Mus tashqi xizmatdagi eng yuqori martaba mansab elchisi darajasiga ko'tarildi. Shuningdek, beshtasi Elchilarni o'z ichiga olgan Tashqi xizmat (DG) Bosh direktori etib tayinlandi Linda Tomas-Grinfild, Garri K. Tomas va uning salafi Jorj M. Staples. Bosh direktor sifatida ishlagan birinchi afroamerikalik elchi edi Edvard J. Perkins, shuningdek, AQSh elchisi sifatida ishlagan Janubiy Afrika davomida aparteid davr.
• Elchi Alfonso E. Lenxardt 36-chi tayinlandi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senatining serjanti 2001 yil 4 sentyabrda va Kongress ofitseri bo'lib xizmat qilgan birinchi afroamerikalik bo'ldi. U nafaqaga chiqqan AQSh armiyasi 1997 yil avgustda a General-mayor 30 yildan ortiq rahbarlik lavozimlarida ishlagan.
• Terrence A. Todman eng ko'p AQSh elchisi bo'lgan qora tanli amerikalik - olti kishi. AQShning barcha elchilari orasida faqat elchi Tomas Pikering, AQShning etti xil lavozimdagi elchisi bo'lgan - Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti, Rossiya, Hindiston, Isroil, Nigeriya, Iordaniya va Salvador - elchi Todmanga qaraganda ko'proq marta tayinlangan.Makellan, Karlton. "Afrikadan kelib chiqqan Amerikaning elchilari: qisqacha tarix" (PDF)..

AQSh axborot agentligi

Ushbu bo'lim afroamerikaliklarning jamoat diplomatiyasi sohasidagi etakchiligini ta'kidlaydi USIA

Karl Rouan - USIA direktori - 1964 yil, prezident Lindon B. Jonson tomonidan tayinlangan. USIA direktori sifatida ishlaganida, Rouan Milliy Xavfsizlik Kengashida va AQSh hukumatidagi eng yuqori darajadagi afroamerikalikni egallagan birinchi afroamerikalik bo'ldi.

AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi

Ushbu bo'lim afro-amerikaliklarning Xalqaro taraqqiyot sohasidagi etakchilarini ta'kidlaydi.

USAID ma'muri

• Alonzo Fulgem AQSh Xalqaro Taraqqiyot Agentligining (USAID) sobiq ma'muri vazifasini bajaruvchisi. 2009 yil 27 yanvarda u Prezident Barak Obama tomonidan Henrietta Fore o'rnini egallagan USAID ma'murining vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi. Ushbu lavozimga tayinlanishidan oldin u 2006-2009 yillarda USAID bosh operatsion direktori lavozimida ishlagan.
• Alfonso E. Lenxardt 2014 yil ma'mur o'rinbosari etib tayinlangandan so'ng, 2015 yil 20 fevralda AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi ma'murining vazifasini bajaruvchisi bo'ldi.

Agentlik maslahatchisi

• Aaron Uilyams, hozirda direktor sifatida ishlaydi Tinchlik korpusi va USAIDda bir qator lavozimlarda, shu jumladan Agentlik maslahatchisi lavozimida ishlagan.
• Mosina Jordan 2005 yilda USAID agentligi maslahatchisi bo'ldi. Maslahatchi agentlikning eng yuqori martaba mansab lavozimidir va mansab xodimlari uchun ombudsman vazifasini bajaradi. Iordaniya USAIDning Lotin Amerikasi va Karib havzasi bo'yicha byurosidagi ma'mur yordamchisining katta o'rinbosari va Amerikaning Markaziy Afrika Respublikasidagi elchisi bo'lgan. Iordaniya Yamayka, Barbados va Gayanada missiya direktori bo'lib ishlagan.^[14]

USAID Bosh maslahatchisi

• Vandra G Mitchell 1993 yilda Prezident Uilyam J Klinton tomonidan birinchi afroamerikalik ayol sifatida Bosh maslahatchilar idorasiga rahbar etib tayinlangan. Faoliyatining avvalida u Kot-d'Ivuardagi USAIDning mintaqaviy vakolatxonasida chet el xizmati xodimi bo'lib ishlagan.^[15]
• Singleton Makkallister 1997 yilda Prezident tomonidan tayinlangan Uilyam J. Klinton Bosh advokatlik idorasini boshqargan ikkinchi afroamerikalik ayol sifatida.

Ma'murlarning yordamchisi va o'rinbosari

• Goler T. Butcher Prezident huzuridagi Afrika bo'yicha byuroning ma'mur yordamchisi etib tayinlandi Jimmi Karter.
• Samyuel Adams 1970-76 yillarda Afrika bo'yicha ma'mur yordamchisi bo'lib ishlagan va bir qator mamlakatlarda missiya direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Jon Xiks 1993-1996 yillarda Afrika bo'yicha byuroning ma'mur yordamchisi, 1991-1993 yillarda Afrika bo'yicha byuroning ma'mur yordamchisining katta o'rinbosari va 1991 yilda oziq-ovqat va ixtiyoriy yordam byurosi ma'murining yordamchisi vazifalarida ishlagan. 1993 yilda janob Xiks. Prezident Uilyam Klinton tomonidan tayinlangan va AQSh Senati tomonidan AQShning elchisi sifatida tasdiqlangan Eritreya. Elchi lavozimidan oldin janob Xiks USAID / Liberiya 1988-1990, USAID / missiyasi direktori lavozimida ishlagan.Malavi 1985–1988 va USAID /Zimbabve 1983–1985.
• Karen D. Tyorner USAIDning Taraqqiyot bo'yicha sheriklari byurosining direktori bo'lgan va G'arbiy sohilda AID vakili, USAID / Indoneziyadagi missiya direktorining o'rinbosari, Osiyo Yaqin Sharq byurosi bo'yicha ma'mur yordamchisining o'rinbosari va yaqinda USAID rahbar lavozimlarida ishlagan. USAID / Yamayka missiyasi direktori sifatida. 2007 yilda u USAID-ning eng yuqori darajadagi tashqi xizmat darajasidagi martaba vaziri lavozimiga ko'tarildi.
• Keyt Braun USAIDning Afrika bo'yicha ma'mur yordamchisining katta o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan va tashqi ishlar vazirligining mansab vaziri bo'lgan eng yuqori martaba darajasiga sazovor bo'lgan. 1997 yil sentyabrdan 1999 yil fevralgacha janob Braun USAID / Efiopiya Missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Vivianne Laueri-Derrik Prezident Klinton tomonidan 1998 yil mart oyida Byuroning Afrika bo'yicha ma'murining yordamchisi etib tayinlangan.
• Konstans Berri Nyuman 2001 yil noyabrdan 2004 yil iyungacha AQSh Xalqaro Taraqqiyot Agentligining (USAID) Afrika bo'yicha ma'murining yordamchisi bo'lib ishlagan va keyinchalik davlat kotibining Afrika masalalari bo'yicha yordamchisi bo'lib ishlagan.
• Denis Rollins 2013 yil sentyabr oyida Osiyo bo'yicha Byuroning ma'mur yordamchisi vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlangan. Bungacha u 2011 yil iyulidan boshlab Osiyo bo'yicha ma'mur yordamchisining katta o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan. Shuningdek, u USAID / Bangladesh missiyasi direktori va USAID / Janubiy Afrikadagi missiya direktori o'rinbosari sifatida ishlagan.
• Sharon Kromer USAID / Gana (2017-), Tanzaniya, Nigeriya (2007) va Gana (2002) missiyasi direktori lavozimida ishlagan Tashqi xizmat xodimi. Shuningdek, u USAIDning Afrika bo'yicha ma'mur yordamchisining katta o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan (2010).^[16]
• Valeri Dikson-Xorton Afrika bo'yicha byuroning ma'mur yordamchisining o'rinbosari va Svazilenddagi missiya direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Linda Etim 2015 yilda AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi (USAID) da Afrika byurosi ma'murining yordamchisi etib tayinlangan. Bundan oldin u 2012-2015 yillarda USAIDda ma'mur yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.
• Klinton Uayt USAIDning Sharqiy va Janubiy Karib dengizi bo'yicha mintaqaviy vakili (2019), menejment bo'yicha byuroda ma'mur yordamchisining o'rinbosari, Liviya bo'yicha USAIDning rivojlanish bo'yicha katta maslahatchisi bo'lib ishlagan.
• Keti Body 2019 yildan boshlab xorijdagi operatsiyalar bo'yicha moliyaviy direktorning o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.
• Gari Just Inson kapitali va iste'dodlarni boshqarish bo'yicha ma'murning katta o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.

USAID missiyasi direktorlari

• Doktor Frank Pinder 1966–1971 yillarda USAID / Gana missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Fermino Spenser 1972–74 yillarda Zairda missiya direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Doktor Vernon Jonson 1968–70 yillarda USAID / Tanzaniya missiyasi direktori, 1970–73 yillarda USAID / Uganda missiyasi direktori va Afrika ishlari bo'yicha byurosida davlat kotibi yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.
• Doktor Karlos Nelson 1970-yillarning o'rtalarida USAID / Keniya missiyasi direktori sifatida ishlagan.
• Sheldon Koul USAID / Malavi missiyasi direktori lavozimida ishlagan va u 1979 yilda lavozimiga joylashtirilgan.
• Irvin Koker 1976-1980 yillarda USAID / Gana missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan. 1983 yilda Irv 1986 yil iyul oyigacha Uganda Missiyasi direktori etib tayinlandi. Ushbu lavozimdan so'ng u 1988 yil sentyabr oyiga qadar nafaqaga chiqqunga qadar USAIDning BMTdagi Missionerligi bo'yicha katta xodimi etib tayinlandi. Janob Koker 1985 yilda karyera vaziri lavozimiga erishdi.
• Xovard Stverson 1976 yilda tayinlangandan so'ng USAID / Tanzaniya missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Herman Devis 1975-1977 yillarda USAID / Tunis missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Jey Jonson, mansabdagi tashqi xizmat xodimi, USAID / Kamerun missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlaydi va 1985 yilda Prezident Ronald Reygan tomonidan karyera vaziri (tashqi xizmatning eng yuqori darajasi) etib tayinlanadi.
• Jorj Jons USAID / Keniya 2000, USAID / Eritreya 1995 missiyasi direktori va USAID / Mavritaniya 1988 missiyasi direktori vazifalarida ishlaydi.
• Miron Golden 1992-1997 yillarda USAID / Senegal va USAID / Burundi missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Julius E. Coles USAID / Svazilend va USAID / Senegal missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan va Afrikaning sobiq prezidenti.
• Lucretia Taylor 1998-2003 yillarda USAID / Tanzaniya Missiyasi direktori va USAID / Liberiya Missiyasi direktori vazifasini bajaruvchi bo'lib ishlagan.
• Garri Laytfut 2000 yilda USAID / Benin missiyasi direktori sifatida qasamyod qildi.
• Uilbur Tomas USAID / Gvineya, USAID / Liberiya va USAID / Makedoniyada Missiya direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Annette Adams 2002 yil iyul oyida qasamyod qilganidan keyin USAID / Gvineya missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Mark Entoni Uayt USAIDning Hindistondagi missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlaydi (2017-2021). Janob Mark Entoni Uayt 2008-2010 yillarda USAID / Timor-Leste missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Artur Braun hozirda USAID / Dominikan Respublikasi missiyasi direktori sifatida ishlaydi. 2012-2015 yillarda u USAID / Nikaragua missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan. Shuningdek, u USAID / Afg'onistonda missiya direktorining o'rinbosari (2015-2016) va USAID / DRCda missiya direktori o'rinbosari (Kinshasa 2009-2011) bo'lib ishlagan va Nigeriya, Gvineya va Sierra singari boshqa USAID missiyalarida yuqori lavozimlarda ishlagan. Leone va Botsvana.
• Xenderson Patrik USAID / Senegal va G'arbiy Afrika mintaqaviy missiyasi missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan
• Rudolf "Rudi" Tomas USAID / Madagaskar 2009 yildan hozirgi kungacha va ilgari 2004-2008 yillarda USAID / Benin, 1997-2001 yillarda USAID / Liberiya missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan va 1993-1997 yillarda USAID / Zambiya missiyasi direktori o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan. 2002-2004 yillarda USAID / Uganda.
• Lourens Xardi USAID / Braziliya va USAID / Filippinlarda Missiya direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Elzadiya Vashington USAID / Namibiya (2011-2013) missiyasi direktori va USAID / Braziliya, USAID / Uganda va USAID / Filippinlar missiyasi direktori o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan. U Mali, Beliz, Kamerun, Misr va Gaitida xizmat qilgan mansabli tashqi xizmat xodimi.^[17]
• Mishel Godette Madagaskarda USAID missiyasi direktori va Syerra-Leone va Gvineyada USAID missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Pol Vayzenfeld USAID missiyasi direktori sifatida Zimbabve va Peruda xizmat qilgan.
• Jeyms Uotson hozirda Gondurasdagi USAID missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan va Dominikan Respublikasida missiya direktorining sobiq o'rinbosari bo'lgan.
• Jon Mark Uinfild Liberiyadagi USAID missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan va Ugandada missiya direktorining sobiq o'rinbosari bo'lgan.
• Gari Just USAID / Liviya bo'yicha USAIDning rivojlanish bo'yicha katta maslahatchisi (2015-2016), USAIDning Malidagi Missiya direktori (2013-2015) va USAID / Janubiy Afrika bo'yicha missiya direktorining o'rinbosari (2007-2009) bo'lib ishlagan.
• Jeyson D. Freyzer Yamaykadagi USAIDning mamlakatdagi vakili, Ruandadagi USAID missiyasi direktori va Angoladagi USAID missiyasining direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan. Janob Freyzer ilgari Efiopiyada missiya direktorining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.
• Liza Vashington-Sow USAIDning Mavritaniyadagi vakili bo'lib ishlagan.
• Lorraine Sherman Nigerdagi USAID vakili sifatida ishlagan (2017-2019).
• Derrick Braun Angola (2016-2018) va Bangladesh (2018) da USAID Missiyasi direktori bo'lib ishlagan.
• Lloyd Jekson Djbutidagi USAID vakili sifatida ishlagan (2019).

AQSh Davlat departamenti

Ushbu bo'lim AQSh Davlat departamenti bilan xorijda AQShni yuqori darajalarda namoyish etgan taniqli afroamerikaliklarni ta'kidlaydi. Ushbu rahbar lavozimlarda ko'pchilik Elchi / Missiya boshlig'i unvoniga ega va quyida xronologik tarzda ta'kidlangan.

Davlat kotibi va agentlik rahbariyati

Bugungi kunga qadar "Kashshoflar" nominatsiyasida ta'kidlangan ikkita afroamerikalik davlat kotibi Kolin Pauell va Kondoliza Rays bo'lgan.

• Cheryl D. Mills davlat kotibi Xillari Klintonning maslahatchisi va shtab boshlig'i bo'lib ishlagan.

Davlat kotibining yordamchisi / yordamchisi o'rinbosari

• Jon Reynxardt 1957 yilda Tashqi xizmatga AQSh axborot agentligining FSO-si sifatida qo'shilgan, o'sha davrda diplomatik xizmatga qo'shilgan afro-amerikaliklarning birinchisi. 1971 yilda Reynxardt Nigeriyada elchi etib tayinlandi va keyinchalik u davlat kotibining jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar bo'yicha yordamchisi bo'lib ishladi. Uning taniqli rekordini e'tirof etgan holda, Prezident Jimmi Karter Raynxardtni USIA direktori qildi, bu birinchi marotaba professional bu lavozimga ko'tarilgan.
• Terens Todman AQShning Chad, Gvineya, Kosta-Rika, Ispaniya, Daniya va Argentinadagi elchisi bo'lib ishlagan amerikalik diplomat. 1990 yilda u karera elchisi unvoniga sazovor bo'ldi va 1977 yil 23 mayda amerikalararo ishlar bo'yicha (G'arbiy yarim sharning ishlari) kotibning yordamchisi sifatida ishladi.^[18]
• Jorj Edvard Muz 1992 yil 1 aprelda AQSh davlat kotibining Afrika masalalari bo'yicha yordamchisi etib tayinlangan, shuningdek, Jenevadagi BMT agentliklarida va Benin va Senegal respublikalarida elchi bo'lib ishlagan amerikalik diplomatdir. U birinchi navbatda Ruandadagi genotsid paytida Klinton ma'muriyatida davlat kotibining Afrika masalalari bo'yicha yordamchisi sifatida xizmat qilgani bilan tanilgan.
• Konstans Berri Nyuman davlat kotibining Afrika ishlari bo'yicha yordamchisi bo'lib ishlagan. Bungacha u 2001 yil noyabrdan 2004 yil iyungacha AQSh Xalqaro Taraqqiyot Agentligining (USAID) Afrika bo'yicha ma'murining yordamchisi bo'lib ishlagan.
• Jendayi Frazer 2005 yilda Konstans Berri Nyuman davlat kotibining Afrika masalalari bo'yicha yordamchisi lavozimini egalladi. Frazer Prezidentning maxsus yordamchisi va Milliy xavfsizlik kengashidagi Afrika ishlari bo'yicha katta direktori va AQShning Janubiy Afrikadagi elchisi bo'lib ishlagan birinchi ayol edi.
• Jonni Karson Qo'shma Shtatlarning bir necha Afrika davlatlarida elchisi bo'lib ishlagan AQShdan kelgan martaba diplomati. 2009 yilda u prezident tomonidan AQSh davlat kotibining Afrika masalalari bo'yicha yordamchisi lavozimiga nomzod qilib ko'rsatildi Barak Obama.
• Ester Brimmer nomzodi ko'rsatilgan diplomat Davlat kotibining xalqaro tashkilotlar ishlari bo'yicha yordamchisi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti Barak Obama tomonidan 2009 yil 11 martda va AQSh Senati tomonidan 2009 yil 2 aprelda tasdiqlangan.
• Joys A. Barr, martaba diplomati sifatida xizmat qilgan birinchi afroamerikalik Davlat kotibining ma'muriyat bo'yicha yordamchisi va 2011 yil dekabrida AQSh Senati tomonidan tasdiqlangan.
• Syuzan Peyj davlat kotibi yordamchisining Afrika ishlari bo'yicha byurosida o'rinbosar bo'lib ishlagan va 2011 yilda Senat tomonidan Janubiy Sudan Respublikasidagi birinchi elchi sifatida tasdiqlangan.
• Cheril Benton Davlat kotibi yordamchisining jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar bo'yicha byurosida o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlaydi.
• Ruben Brigeti Afrika ishlari bo'yicha byurosida davlat kotibi yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan va so'nggi paytlarda aholi qochqinlari va migratsiyasi bo'yicha byurosida kotib yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan va 2011 yilda Afrika ishlari bo'yicha byurosida kotib yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.
• Sintiya Akuetta 2012-2013 yillarda davlat kotibining Afrika ishlari bo'yicha yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.^[19]
• Raymond Maksvell 2011-2012 yillarda Yaqin Sharq bo'yicha kotib yordamchisining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan.
• Linda Tomas-Grinfild 2013 yildan 2017 yilgacha AQSh Davlat departamentining Afrika ishlari bo'yicha byurosida davlat kotibining Afrika masalalari bo'yicha yordamchisi bo'lib ishlagan.

Ijrochi direktor sifatida ishlagan afroamerikaliklar orasida quyidagilar bor: Joys Barr (Sharqiy Osiyo va Tinch okeani byurosi), Suneta Halliburton (Iqtisodiy va biznes masalalari byurosi / Energetika ishlari byurosi) va Jozef Xuggins (Afrika ishlari byurosi).

Elchilar / Missiya boshliqlari

Quyidagi xronologik ro'yxat tarix davomida elchi darajasidagi afro-amerikalik ikki tomonlama va ko'p tomonlama missiya rahbarlarini, shu jumladan martaba tayinlanmaganlarni va martaba bo'yicha tashqi va davlat xizmatlari xodimlarini ta'kidlaydi.

• Edvard R. Dadli – AQShning Liberiyadagi elchisi 1948 yildan 1953 yilgacha
• Jessi D. Loker - AQShning Liberiyadagi elchisi 1953 yildan 1955 yilgacha
• Richard L. Jons - AQShning Liberiyadagi elchisi 1955 yildan 1959 yilgacha
• Jon Xovard Morrou – AQShning Gvineyadagi elchisi 1959 yildan 1961 yilgacha va doimiy vakili YuNESKO 1961 yildan 1963 yilgacha
• Klifton R. Uorton, Sr. – AQShning Norvegiyadagi elchisi 1961 yildan 1964 yilgacha
• Mercer Kuk – AQShning Nigerdagi elchisi 1961 yildan 1964 yilgacha va Senegal va Gambiya 1964 yildan 1966 yilgacha
• Karl T. Rowan – AQShning Finlyandiyadagi elchisi 1963 yildan 1964 yilgacha
• Klinton E. Noks - AQShning Benindagi elchisi 1964 yildan 1969 yilgacha va Gaiti 1969 yildan 1973 yilgacha
• Patrisiya Roberts Xarris – AQShning Lyuksemburgdagi elchisi 1965 yildan 1967 yilgacha
• Xyu X.Smit – AQShning Suriyadagi elchisi 1965 yildan 1967 yilgacha va Maltada 1967 yildan 1969 yilgacha
• Franklin H. Uilyams – AQShning Ganadagi elchisi 1965 yildan 1968 yilgacha
• Elliot P. Skinner - AQShning Burkina-Fasodagi elchisi 1966 yildan 1969 yilgacha
• Samuel C. Adams - AQShning Nigerdagi elchisi 1968 yildan 1969 yilgacha
• Terens A. Todman – AQShning Chaddagi elchisi 1969 yildan 1972 yilgacha Gvineya 1972 yildan 1975 yilgacha Kosta-Rika 1974 yildan 1977 yilgacha Ispaniya 1978 yildan 1983 yilgacha Daniya 1983 yildan 1989 yilgacha va Argentina 1989 yildan 1993 yilgacha
• Semyuel Z. Vesterfild - AQShning Liberiyadagi elchisi 1969 yildan 1972 yilgacha
• Jerom Heartwell - AQShning Shvetsiyadagi elchisi 1970 yildan 1972 yilgacha
• Klarens Klayd Fergyuson, kichik – AQShning Ugandadagi elchisi 1970 yildan 1972 yilgacha
• Charlz J. Nelson - AQShning Botsvanadagi elchisi, Lesoto va Svazilend, 1971 yildan 1974 yilgacha
• Jon E. Reynxardt - AQShning Nigeriyadagi elchisi 1971 yildan 1975 yilgacha
• V. Beverli Karter – AQShning Tanzaniyadagi elchisi 1972 yildan 1975 yilgacha Liberiya 1976 yildan 1979 yilgacha
• O. Rudolf Aggrey – AQShning Senegaldagi elchisi va Gambiya 1973 yildan 1977 yilgacha Ruminiya 1977 yildan 1981 yilgacha
• Uilyam Bowdoin Jons - doimiy vakili YuNESKO 1973 yildan 1977 yilgacha va Gaiti 1977 yildan 1980 yilgacha
• Devid B. Bolen – AQShning Botsvanadagi elchisi, Lesoto va Svazilend 1974 yildan 1976 yilgacha va Sharqiy Germaniya 1977 yildan 1980 yilgacha
• Teodor R. Britton, kichik - AQShning Barbadosdagi elchisi va Grenada 1975 yildan 1977 yilgacha
• Ronald D. Palmer – AQShning Togodagi elchisi 1976 yildan 1978 yilgacha Malayziya 1981 yildan 1983 yilgacha va Mavrikiy 1986 yildan 1989 yilgacha
• Charlz A. Jeyms - AQShning Nigerdagi elchisi 1976 yildan 1979 yilgacha
• Endryu Yang – AQShning BMTdagi elchisi 1977 yildan 1979 yilgacha
• Uilbert J. LeMelle – AQShning Keniyadagi elchisi va Seyshel orollari 1977 yildan 1980 yilgacha
• Ulrix Xeyns - AQShning Jazoirdagi elchisi 1977 yildan 1981 yilgacha
• Mabel M. Smit - AQShning Kamerundagi elchisi 1977 yildan 1979 yilgacha va Ekvatorial Gvineya 1979 yildan 1980 yilgacha
• Richard K. Foks, kichik - AQShning Trinidad va Tobagodagi elchisi 1977 yildan 1979 yilgacha
• Moris D. Bin – AQShning Birmadagi elchisi 1977 yildan 1979 yilgacha
• Donald F. McHenry – AQShning BMTdagi elchisi 1979 yildan 1981 yilgacha
• Horace G. Douson – AQShning Botsvanadagi elchisi 1979 yildan 1982 yilgacha
• Anne Forrester – AQShning Malidagi elchisi 1979 yildan 1981 yilgacha
• Uolter C. Karrington – AQShning Senegaldagi elchisi 1980 yildan 1981 yilgacha va Nigeriya 1993 yildan 1997 yilgacha
• Barbara M. Uotson – AQShning Malayziyadagi elchisi 1980 yildan 1981 yilgacha
• Jon A. Burrouz, kichik – AQShning Malavidagi elchisi 1981 yildan 1984 yilgacha va Uganda 1988 yildan 1991 yilgacha
• Melvin H. Evans – AQShning Trinidad va Tobagodagi elchisi 1981 yildan 1984 yilgacha
• Jerald E. Tomas – AQShning Gayanadagi elchisi 1981 yildan 1983 yilgacha va Keniya 1983 yildan 1989 yilgacha
• Xovard K. Uoker – AQShning Togodagi elchisi 1982 yildan 1984 yilgacha Madagaskar va Komor orollari 1989 yildan 1992 yilgacha
• Artur V. Lyuis - AQShning Serra-Leondagi elchisi 1983 yilda
• Jorj E. Mus – AQShning Benindagi elchisi 1983 yildan 1986 yilgacha Senegal 1988 yildan 1991 yilgacha va Jenevadagi Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Evropa idorasi 1997 yilda; tayinlangan Ishga qabul qilish bo'yicha elchi 2002 yilda
• Edvard J. Perkins – AQShning Liberiyadagi elchisi 1985 yildan 1986 yilgacha Janubiy Afrika 1986 yildan 1989 yilgacha Birlashgan Millatlar 1992 yildan 1993 yilgacha va Avstraliya 1993 yildan 1996 yilgacha
• Irvin Xiks - AQShning Seyshel orollaridagi elchisi 1985 yildan 1987 yilgacha va Efiopiya 1994 yildan 1996 yilgacha
• Sintiya Shepard Perry - AQShning Serra-Leondagi elchisi 1986 yildan 1989 yilgacha Burundi 1989 yildan 1993 yilgacha
• Rut V. Vashington - tayinlandi AQShning Gambiyadagi elchisi 1989 yilda
• Johnny Young – AQShning Serra-Leondagi elchisi 1989 yildan 1992 yilgacha Bormoq 1994 yildan 1997 yilgacha Bahrayn 1997 yildan 2001 yilgacha va Sloveniya 2001 yildan 2004 yilgacha
• Aurelia Erskine Brazeal - AQShning Mikroneziyadagi elchisi 1990 yildan 1993 yilgacha Keniya 1993 yildan 1996 yilgacha va Efiopiya 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha
• Stiven J. Rods - AQShning Zimbabvedagi elchisi 1990 yilda
• Arlene Render - AQShning Gambiyadagi elchisi 1990 yildan 1993 yilgacha Zambiya 1996 yildan 1999 yilgacha va AQShning Kot-d'Ivuardagi elchisi 2001 yildan 2004 yilgacha
• Leonard O. Spearman, Sr. - AQShning Lesotodagi elchisi
• Charlz R. Baket, III - AQShning Jibutidagi elchisi 1991 yilda
• Jonni Karson – AQShning Ugandadagi elchisi 1991 yildan 1994 yilgacha Zimbabve 1995 yildan 1997 yilgacha va Keniya 1999 yildan 2003 yilgacha
• Rut A. Devis – AQShning Benindagi elchisi 1992 yildan 1995 yilgacha; tayinlangan Ishga qabul qilish bo'yicha elchi 2002 yilda
• Kenton Uesli Keyt – AQShning Qatardagi elchisi 1992 yildan 1995 yilgacha
• Jozef Monro Segars - AQShning Kabo-Verdadagi elchisi 1992 yildan 1996 yilgacha
• Lesli M. Aleksandr - AQShning Mavrikiyadagi elchisi va Komor orollari 1993 yildan 1996 yilgacha Ekvador 1996 yildan 1999 yilgacha
• Xovard F. Jeter - AQShning Botsvanadagi elchisi 1993 yildan 1996 yilgacha va Nigeriya 2000 yildan 2003 yilgacha
• Sidney Uilyams - AQShning Bagamadagi elchisi 1994 yildan 1998 yilgacha
• Karl B. Stoks – AQShning Seyshel orollaridagi elchisi 1994 yildan 1995 yilgacha
• Jerom Gari Kuper – AQShning Yamaykadagi elchisi 1994 yildan 1997 yilgacha
• Bismark Myrik – AQShning Lesotodagi elchisi 1995 yildan 1998 yilgacha
• Mosina H. Jordan – AQShning Markaziy Afrika Respublikasidagi elchisi 1995 yildan 1997 yilgacha
• Jeyms A. Jozef – AQShning Janubiy Afrikadagi elchisi 1995 yildan 1999 yilgacha
• Jon F. Xiks, kichik - AQShning Eritreyadagi elchisi 1996 yildan 1997 yilgacha
• Sharon P. Uilkinson – AQShning Burkina-Fasodagi elchisi 1996 yildan 1999 yilgacha va AQShning Mozambikdagi elchisi 2000 yildan 2003 yilgacha
• Shirli E. Barns – AQShning Madagaskadagi elchisi 1998 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Uilyam D. Klark - AQShning Eritreyadagi elchisi 1998 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Jorj Uilliford Boyz Xeyli – AQShning Gambiyadagi elchisi 1998 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Elizabeth McKune - AQShning Qatardagi elchisi 1998 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Robert C. Perri - AQShning Markaziy Afrika Respublikasidagi elchisi 1998 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Jorj McDade Staples - AQShning Ruandadagi elchisi 1998 yildan 2001 yilgacha va Kamerun va Ekvatorial Gvineya 2001 yildan 2004 yilgacha
• Charlz R. Stit - AQShning Tanzaniyadagi elchisi 1998 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Harriet L. Elam-Tomas – AQShning Senegaldagi elchisi 1999 yildan 2002 yilgacha
• Gregori L. Jonson - AQShning Svazilenddagi elchisi 1999 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Delano Evgeniy Lyuis – AQShning Janubiy Afrikadagi elchisi 1999 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Kerol Mozli-Braun – AQShning Yangi Zelandiyadagi elchisi va Samoa 1999 yildan 2001 yilgacha
• Bismark Myrik – AQShning Lesotodagi elchisi 1995 yildan 1998 yilgacha va Liberiya 1999 yildan 2002 yilgacha
• Silviya Gay Stenfild – AQShning Bruneydagi elchisi 1999 yildan 2002 yilgacha
• Diane E. Watson – AQShning Mikroneziyadagi elchisi, 1999 yildan 2002 yilgacha
• Pamela E. Bridjewater – AQShning Benindagi elchisi 2000 yildan 2002 yilgacha Gana 2005 yildan 2008 yilgacha va Yamayka 2010
• Roy L. Ostin – AQShning Trinidad va Tobagodagi elchisi 2001 yildan 2009 yilgacha
• Mattie R. Sharpless - AQShning Markaziy Afrika Respublikasidagi elchisi 2001 yildan 2002 yilgacha
• Wanda L. Nesbitt – AQShning Madagaskadagi elchisi 2001 yildan 2004 yilgacha Fil suyagi qirg'og'i 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha va Namibiya 2010
• Jeyms Devid Makgi – AQShning Svazilenddagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2004 yilgacha Madagaskar 2004 yildan 2007 yilgacha va Zimbabve 2007 yildan 2009 yilgacha
• Larri L. Palmer – AQShning Gondurasdagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha Barbados 2012
• Richard Lyuis Baltimor – AQShning Ummondagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2006 yilgacha
• Jozef Xaggins - AQShning Botsvanadagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha
• Jeyms I. Gadsden – AQShning Islandiyadagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha
• Robin Renee Sanders – AQShning Kongo Respublikasidagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha va Nigeriya 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha
• Charlz Aaron Rey – AQShning Kambodjadagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha va Zimbabve 2009 yildan 2012 yilgacha
• Geyl Denis Matyo – AQShning Nigerdagi elchisi 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha va Namibiya 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha
• Garri K. Tomas, kichik – AQShning Bangladeshdagi elchisi 2003 yildan 2005 yilgacha Filippinlar 2010 yildan 2013 yilgacha va Zimbabve 2015
• Roland V. Bullen - AQShning Gayanadagi elchisi 2003 yilda
• Margarita Ragsdeyl - AQShning Jibutidagi elchisi 2003 yildan 2006 yilgacha
• Iyun Karter Perri - AQShning Lesotodagi elchisi 2004 yildan 2007 yilgacha va Serra-Leone 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha
• Joys A. Barr – AQShning Namibiyadagi elchisi 2004 yildan 2007 yilgacha
• Jendayi E. Frazer – AQShning Janubiy Afrikadagi elchisi 2004 yildan 2005 yilgacha
• Rojer D. Pirs – AQShning Kabo-Verdadagi elchisi 2005 yildan 2007 yilgacha
• Bernadet Allen – AQShning Nigerdagi elchisi 2006 yildan 2010 yilgacha
• Erik M. Bost – AQShning Janubiy Afrikadagi elchisi 2006 yildan 2009 yilgacha
• Gayleata B. Braun – AQShning Benindagi elchisi 2006 yildan 2009 yilgacha
• Sindi L. Kervil - AQShning birinchi elchisi Afrika ittifoqi, 2006 yildan 2008 yilgacha
• Klayd episkop – AQShning Marshal orollaridagi elchisi 2006 yildan 2009 yilgacha
• Maurice S. Parker – AQShning Svazilenddagi elchisi 2007 yildan 2009 yilgacha
• John L. Withers – AQShning Albaniyadagi elchisi 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha
• Yunis S. Reddik – AQShning Gabondagi elchisi 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha San-Tome va Printsip 2008 yildan 2010 yilgacha va Niger 2014
• Barri L. Uells - AQShning Gambiyadagi elchisi 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha
• Marcia S. Bernicat - AQShning Senegaldagi elchisi va Gvineya-Bisau 2008 yildan 2011 yilgacha.
• Jon Melvin Jons - AQShning Gayanadagi elchisi 2008 yildan 2010 yilgacha
• Linda Tomas-Grinfild – AQShning Liberiyadagi elchisi 2008 yildan 2012 yilgacha
• C. Steven McGann – AQShning Fididagi elchisi, Kiribati, Tonga va Nauru 2008 yildan 2011 yilgacha^[20]
• Bisa Uilyams – AQShning Nigerdagi elchisi 2010 yildan 2013 yilgacha
• Nikol Avant – AQShning Bagamadagi elchisi 2009 yildan 2011 yilgacha
• Alfonso E. Lenxardt – AQShning Tanzaniyadagi elchisi 2009 yildan 2013 yilgacha, shuningdek AQShning vakili Sharqiy Afrika hamjamiyati
• Maykl Battle - AQShning AQShdagi elchisi Afrika ittifoqi va Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Afrika uchun iqtisodiy komissiyasi
• Teddi B. Teylor – AQShning Papua-Yangi Gvineyadagi elchisi, Solomon orollari va Vanuatu 2009 yildan 2012 yilgacha
• Ertharin amakivachchasi - Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Oziq-ovqat va qishloq xo'jaligi agentliklaridagi elchisi 2009 yildan 2012 yilgacha
• Xelen Rid-Rou - Birinchi AQShning Palaudagi elchisi
• Sue K. Braun – AQShning Chernogoriyadagi elchisi 2011 yildan 2015 yilgacha
• Syuzan D. Sahifa - The AQShning Janubiy Sudandagi elchisi
• Jina Aberkrombi-Uinsteynli – AQShning Maltadagi elchisi 2012
• Makila Jeyms, AQShning Svazilenddagi elchisi 2012 yildan 2016 yilgacha
• Tulinabo S. Mushingi, AQShning Senegaldagi elchisi (2017) va AQShning Burkina-Fasodagi elchisi (2013-2016)
• Patrik Gaspard, AQShning Janubiy Afrikadagi elchisi
• Ruben Brigeti, AQShning elchisi Afrika ittifoqi va Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Afrika uchun iqtisodiy komissiyasi 2013
• Duayt L. Bush, Sr., AQShning Marokashdagi elchisi 2014
• Kristal Nix-Xayns, AQSh elchisi YuNESKO 2014
• Brian A. Nichols, AQShning Perudagi elchisi 2014
• Daniel Yohannes - AQShning Iqtisodiy hamkorlik va taraqqiyot tashkilotidagi elchisi (2014).
• Maykl A. Louson, AQShning elchisi Xalqaro fuqaro aviatsiyasi tashkiloti 2014
• Sintiya X. Akuette, AQShning Gabondagi elchisi va San-Tome va Printsip 2014
• Robert A. Vud - AQShning vakili Qurolsizlanish bo'yicha konferentsiya va AQShning maxsus vakili Biologik va zaharli qurollar to'g'risidagi konventsiya 2014
• Todd D. Robinson, AQShning Gvatemaladagi elchisi 2014
• Pamela L. Spratlen – AQShning Qirg'izistondagi elchisi 2011 yildan 2014 yilgacha va O'zbekiston 2014
• S. Fitsjerald Xeni - 2015 yildan 2017 yilgacha AQShning Kosta-Rikadagi elchisi
• Marcia Bernicat – AQShning Bangladeshdagi elchisi 2015-2018 yillarda va Okeanlar va xalqaro atrof-muhit va ilmiy ishlar byurosida kotib yordamchisining asosiy o'rinbosari.
• Derek Xogan - AQShning Moldovadagi elchisi 2018 yilda tayinlangan.

Ozodlikdagi elchilar

• V. Beverli Karter – Katta elchi 1979 yildan 1981 yilgacha davlat va mahalliy hokimiyat organlari bilan aloqa qilish uchun
• Suzan Jonson Kuk – Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining xalqaro diniy erkinlik bo'yicha maxsus topshiriqlar bo'yicha elchisi 2011 yildan 2013 yilgacha

Birlashgan Millatlar

Ushbu bo'lim Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti orqali ko'p tomonlama maydonda o'z o'rnini topgan afro-amerikaliklarni ta'kidlaydi. Quyidagilarning aksariyati AQShning Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotidagi elchisi lavozimida ishlagan.

• Ralf Bunche, first served in the State Department as Associate Chief of the Division of Dependent Area Affairs, making him the first African American desk officer. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations and also considered instrumental in the creation and adoption of the UN Declaration of Human Rights. In 1950, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which officially ended the 1948 Arab-Israeli Conflict, becoming the first person of color to receive that honor. In 1963, he received the Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy. In 1997, The State Department library was named in his honor.
• Sithson Sithson is the first African-American to officially represent the United States at the UN. She is highlighted in the pioneers section above.
• John Howard Morrow Senior served as alternate delegate to United Nations, 1961; U.S. permanent representative to UNESCO with

personal rank of minister, Paris, France, 1961–63.

• Endryu Yang is an American politician, diplomat, activist and pastor from Georgia. He has served as Mayor of Atlanta, a Congressman from the 5th district, and United States Ambassador to the United Nations.
• William Bowdoin Jones was appointed as the U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on September 1, 1973.
• Donald McHenry is an American former diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations from September 1979 until January 20, 1981.
• Edward J. Perkins was appointed as U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations on April 6, 1992.
• Betty Eileen King served as the U.S. Representative to ECOSOC/UN after being nominated in October 2009.
• Syuzan Rays is an American foreign policy advisor who was appointed as United States Ambassador to the United Nations in January 2009. Rice served on the staff of the National Security Council and as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs during President Bill Clinton's second term.

Interagency

This section highlights African-Americans engaged with Foreign Affairs through various other federal agencies that contribute at the highest levels to international relations and development domestically and in the field from the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, the Peace Corps, etc.

Tinchlik korpusiThis section highlights African-Americans that have held distinguished leadership positions at Tinchlik korpusi headquarters, as well those who have directed Peace Corps Field Offices abroad.

This section is under construction.

AQSh qishloq xo'jaligi vazirligi This section highlights African-Americans that held distinguished leadership positions in the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), or the Animal Plant and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).

This section is under construction.

AQSh Savdo vazirligi This section highlights African-Americans that have held distinguished leadership positions in the Foreign Commercial Service.

This section is under construction.

AQSh Kongressi

This section highlights African-Americans that have provided leadership and served with distinction formulating policy that influenced Foreign Affairs on Capitol Hill and across the globe.

• Charles Coles Diggs, Jr was an African-American politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Diggs was an early member of the civil rights movement, having been present at the murder trial of Emmett Till and elected the first chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus (1969–71). He was appointed to the post of Chairman of the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in 1969.
• Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums From 1971 to 1998, he was elected to thirteen terms as a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Northern California's 9th Congressional District, after which he worked as a lobbyist in Washington D.C. When President Ronald Reagan vetoed Dellums' Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, a Democratic-controlled House and a Republican-controlled Senate overrode Reagan's veto, the first override of a presidential foreign policy veto in the 20th century.
• George Thomas "Mickey" Leland was an anti-poverty activist who later became a congressman from the Texas 18th District and chair of the Congressional Black Caucus. In 1984 Leland established the congressional select committee on Hunger and initiated a number of programs designed to assuage the famine crises that plagued Ethiopia and Sudan through much of the 1980s.
• Rep. Donald M. Payne Payne is a member of the U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, where he serves as Ranking Member (formerly Chairman) of the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health and as a member of the Subcommittee on the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere and the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight. Congressman Payne has been at the forefront of efforts to restore democracy and human rights in nations throughout the globe.
• Gregori Meks is the U.S. Representative for New York's 6th congressional district, serving since 1998. He currently sits on the Committee on Foreign Affairs including the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific, and is the Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Europe and Eurasia.
• Karen Bass is the U.S. Representative for California's 33rd congressional district. Representative Bass serves in the Committee on Foreign Affairs on the Subcommittee for Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights and Oversight and Investigation.
• Frederika Uilson is the U.S. Representative for Florida's 17th congressional district. She serves on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Subcommittee for Asia and the Pacific.

The Congressional Black Caucus Foundation

• Founded in 1976 and based in Washington, D.C., CBCF envisions a world in which the black community is free of all disparities and able to contribute fully to advancing the common good. Its mission is to advance the global black community by developing leaders, informing policy and educating the public. Though primarily domestically focused, the CBCF has expanded its vision internationally. As citizens have become more global in their everyday lives, CBCF has aligned itself with international concerns and opportunities for African Americans and minorities globally. The CBCF works with African nations in an effort to look at the intersection of African Americans and Africans as we journey through the challenges and opportunities in health, education, and economic empowerment.^[21]

Advocacy groups and NGOs founded by African-Americans

This section highlights NGOs, foundations, and other advocacy groups that were founded by African-Americans in the international realm.

TransAfrica forumiThe idea of foreign policy advocacy organizations stems from the Black Leadership Conference convened by theKongressning qora guruhi in September, 1976. The conference concluded that the absence of African-Americans in high-level international affairs positions, and the general neglect of African and Caribbean priorities, could only be corrected by the establishment of a private advocacy organization. An ad hoc committee consisting of Randall Robinson, Herschelle Challenor, and Willard Johnson formulated an organization design.On July 1, 1977,TransAfrika a nonprofit organization was incorporated in Washington, D.C., with Randall Robinson as executive director. The primary human rights issue of the day was the unjust apartheid regime in South Africa. TransAfrica's activism, legislative campaigns and strategic media work, coupled with a global solidarity movement, hastened the end of apartheid.^[22]

Afrika harakatlariIts parent organizations date back to 1953, when the American Committee on Africa (ACOA) was founded in New York. It was created by a group of African-American and Caucasian civil rights activists who had organized support for the historic Defiance Campaign in South Africa the previous year. ACOA, together with The Africa Fund, which was founded in 1966, provided key support for independence movements throughout Africa.The Africa Policy Information Center (APIC) was founded in Washington, D.C., in 1978. It pioneered the use of new information and communication technology to support advocacy work on Africa.^[23]

With the merger of these three organizations in 2001, their complementary strengths became a solid framework to organize activism for Africa in the decades ahead.

The Africa SocietyThe Africa Society is a national nonprofit, nonpartisan and diverse organization formed as a direct outgrowth of the National Summit on Africa, which launched in 1997 with grant support from the Ford Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. This initiative resulted in the largest mobilization of Africa-interested individuals in the history of the U.S., with delegations from every state and territory. After contemplating how best to meet the needs and demands of nearly 20,000 constituents, the Summit's Board of Directors and Secretariat voted to establish an organization devoted to educating Americans of all backgrounds, ages and statuses about the continent of Africa. To meet this goal, The Africa Society was launched in January 2002 at an event sponsored by one of its primary partners, Discovery Communications, LLC. Since, the Society has developed a wide range of educational programs targeting every age group and academic level.^[24]

Afrika uchun saylov okrugiThe Constituency for Africa (CFA) was founded in 1990, when a group of concerned Africanists, interested citizens and Africa-focused organizations developed a strategy to build organized support for Africa in the United States. CFA was charged with educating the U.S. public about Africa and U.S. policy on Africa; mobilizing an activist constituency for Africa; and fostering cooperation among a broad-based coalition of American, African and international organizations, and individuals committed to the progress and empowerment of Africa and African people.^[25]

International Foundation for Education Self-Help (IFESH)IFESH was founded by Reverend Leon H. Sullivan, recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom and Eleanor Roosevelt Humanitarian Award. In establishing IFESH in 1981, Reverend Sullivan set out to assist African nations in their efforts to eradicate poverty, disease and inequity through self-help partnership programs, which continues to be its mission.^[26]

AfrikaFounded by Africans and Americans amidst the Sahelian drought of the early 1970s, Africare has grown to become a leader in aid to Africa ― pioneering various types of self-help development programs and noted for its close, collegial partnerships with the people and leaders of Africa. Afrika is also the oldest and largest African-American led organization in the field.^[27]

Opportunities Industrialization Centers InternationalFounded by Reverend Dr. Leon H. Sullivan in 1970, Imkoniyatlar Sanoatlashtirish markazlari International, or OIC International, was created in response to requests for Reverend Sullivan's assistance from local citizen groups in Nigeria, Ghana and Ethiopia. Working towards Reverend Sullivan's vision of self-help and self-reliance, OIC International's affiliate network has spread around the globe, establishing community-based, affiliate organizations in over twenty countries over a span of four decades.^[28]

United Negro College Fund Special Programs Corporation, UNCFSP (IIPP)Emerging from the United Negro College Fund (UNCF), the United Negro College Fund Special Programs Corporation (UNCFSP) works to create connections between private industry, government and talented minority students. UNCFSP has built an extensive partnership network consisting of hundreds of domestic and international universities, federal agencies, international governments, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. They seek to provide minority institutions with the ability to identify, qualify, and capture government opportunities. Through these opportunities and with strategic partnerships, minority institutions can produce cutting-edge concepts and develop research to solve the nation's most pressing concerns.^[29]

Havolalar birlashtirilganFounded in 1946, it is one of the nation's oldest and largest volunteer service organizations of extraordinary women who are committed to enriching, sustaining, and ensuring the culture and economic survival of African Americans and other persons of African ancestry. The recipient of awards from the UN and the Leon H Sullivan Foundation for its programs, The Links’ programs include services in education, health, culture, community development, and youth and female empowerment.^[30]

Leadership Africawas incorporated in 2006. They to tackle the challenges of African youth. Leadership Africa partners with African organizations and government institutions to implement youth leadership programs that emphasize sustainable peace and development. Their mission is to empower African youth, especially girls, and to help them to emerge as Africa's leaders of change and transformation.^[31]

Adventures in Health, Education and Agriculture in Development (AHEAD)addresses the healthcare needs of children and families in Tanzania, East Africa, the Gambia, and West Africa. Their programs are adapted to help Africans be self-sustaining in addressing their own healthcare needs. AHEAD's mission is to improve the quality of life by implementing programs that lead to self-reliance.^[32]

The Rainbow PUSH CoalitionThe Rainbow PUSH Coalition (RPC) is a multi-racial, multi-issue, progressive, international membership organization fighting for social change.Founded by Reverend Jesse L. Jackson in 1996, RPC works to make the American Dream a reality for all citizens and advocate for peace and justice around the world. RPC is dedicated to improving the lives of all people and serving as a voice for the voiceless. Rainbow PUSH's mission is to protect, defend, and gain civil rights by leveling the economic and educational playing fields, and to promote peace and justice around the world. RPC's headquarters is in Chicago and has offices in Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and Oakland.^[33]

Americans, Chinese and Africans ConnectingFounded by Sharon T. Freeman, Americans, Chinese and Africans Connecting (ACAC) seeks to facilitate relationships among Black and African-owned firms and Chinese firms to help them make more money. ACAC also aims to fill the information gap that limits the ability of Black and African-owned firms to succeed in relationships with Chinese firms. ACAC offers a range of business services that help clarify how to do business in each other's environment. ACAC provides background checks, identifies business opportunities, provides information and technical assistance helps member firms access tools and resources to consummate their business deals, and hosts workshops and other learning opportunities.^[34]

Foreign Service Officer Workforce

This section provides a brief snapshot of publicly available workforce statistics for U.S. Foreign Service Officers at the Department of State and USAID.

In 2019, African Americans represented 5.3% of the Department of State Foreign Service Generalists, and 8.8% of Foreign Service Specialists.

In 2016, African Americans represented 5.36% of the Department of State Foreign Service Generalists, and 8.89% of Foreign Service Specialists.

In 2016, the USAID Foreign Service reported 11% of its Foreign Service workforce as African-American.

In 2008, African Americans represented 5.6% of the approximately 11,471 members of the U.S. Foreign Service. This percentage falls short of the number of African Americans in the civilian workforce and the general population but represents, over time, efforts to promote diversity through senior-level appointments and recruitment into the career Foreign Service.^[35]

Adabiyotlar