Lui Kalafert - Louis Calaferte

Lui Kalafert (Frantsuzcha talaffuz: [lwi kalafɛrt] ; 1928 yil 14-iyul - 1994 yil 2-may) frantsuz yozuvchisi. U tug'ilgan Turin, Italiya, lekin u juda yoshligida ota-onasi bilan Frantsiyaga ko'chib ketgan,[1] joylashish Lion u bolalik va o'spirinlik davrining ko'p qismini o'tkazgan shahar atrofi.[2] 1947 yilda u aktyor bo'lish orzusini amalga oshirish uchun Parijga yo'l oldi va u erda yozish uchun muhabbat topdi.[2] Faoliyati davomida u turli xil asarlarni nashr etdi, shu jumladan "romanlar, hikoyalar, ocherklar, dramalar, she'rlar va erotika" ning "eng ashaddiy biluvchida chinakam hayajonni yaratgan, ayniqsa taniqli vulgarizmning fantastik mo'lligi".[1] Ushbu yozuv uslubi turli xil adabiy mukofotlarga, shu jumladan Prix de l 'ga olib keldi.Academie Française uchun Ebauche d’un avtoportrait 1983 yilda; she'rlar to'plami uchun, Londoniennes 1985 yilda; va hikoyalar to'plami uchun, Promenades dans un parc 1987 yilda.[1] Calaferte vafot etdi Dijon, Frantsiya 1994 yil 2 mayda.[2]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

O'smirlik davrida Calaferte akkumulyator ishlab chiqaradigan zavodda ish olib borgan va keyinchalik oddiy mardikor sifatida ish boshlagan.[2] Shu vaqt ichida u kitob o'qishni yaxshi ko'rardi;[1] keyinchalik, 1947 yilda u Parijga ko'chib o'tdi va u erda ishga joylashdi Odéon - Evropa teatri (ilgari Théâtre de l'Odéon) teatr sifatida qo'shimcha. Aynan o'sha erda va u erda birinchi dramalarini yozgan. Ulardan biri a da ijro etildi oldindan ko'rish yigirma yoshida unga qarsak chalib, Théâtre d'Angers-dagi chiqish.[2]

Karyera

Uning "adabiy qahramoni" ko'magi bilan[1] Jozef Kessel, unda bo'lgan Requiem des begunohlar tomonidan nashr etilgan Éditions Julliard 1952 yilda.[2] Ushbu asar Kalafertening isyonkor yozish uslubi paydo bo'la boshlagan bolalik xotiralarining cho'qqisi edi. Ushbu birinchi kitob katta muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va tez orada uning nashr etilishi davom etdi Partage des vivants (Tiriklar partiyasi) 1953 yilda.[2] Yigirma besh yildan so'ng ushbu ikki yosh asar muallif tomonidan qattiq tanqid qilinadi.[3] Uning so'zlaridan iqtibos keltirilgan: “Agar men o'zimning ikki kitobimni yomon ko'rishim kerak edi, bu birinchi ikkitasi bo'lar edi; Ularning yo'q bo'lib ketishini mamnuniyat bilan ko'rardim ".[3]

1956 yilda u ko'chib o'tdi Mornant ichida Monts du Lyonnais, u qaerda yozgan Septentrion, pornografik deb ayblangan va natijada senzuraga uchragan va sotilishi taqiqlangan asar.[2] Bu atigi yigirma yil o'tgach, Jer Bourgadier ning tashabbusi bilan qayta nashr etildi Denoël nashrlari,[2] frantsuz nashriyoti. Ushbu asosan avtobiografik va erotik romanda Calaferte foydalanadi birinchi shaxs bayoni Ajam yozuvchining sayrlari haqida gapirish uchun, uning ishchi sifatida ishlash paytida yashirincha o'qigan vaqti (bolaligida, qahramon jamoat hojatxonalarida yashirinib, u erda juda xursand bo'lib o'qiydi),[4] va uning ayollar bilan uchrashuvlari. Romandagi eng muhim ayol figurasi, shubhasiz, ayollarning ozodligi va ijtimoiy muvaffaqiyatni ifodalaydigan gollandiyalik Nora ayolidir. Kalaferte she'rlar to'plamini va samimiy va shahvoniy xarakterdagi hikoyalarni muntazam ravishda nashr etishni davom ettirdi; ulardan ba'zilari xayoliy va g'alati edi va ular ko'pincha bolalik bilan bog'liq edi. Uning pyesalarida oilaviy munosabatlar mavzusi ham kulgili, ham bezovta qiluvchi ohangdan foydalanilgan. Rejissyor Patrik Pelloketning so'zlariga ko'ra, "Lui Kalafertning personajlari so'zning qat'iy ma'nosidagi belgilarga qaraganda, muayyan xatti-harakatlar uchun ko'proq stereotipdir".[5]

1974 yilgacha Kalaferte Lion radiostansiyasida va ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française).[2] U hayotining so'nggi yillarini Dijon yaqinida, qishlog'ida o'tkazdi Blez-Bas xotini bilan.[6] Do'stlari orasida u yozuvchiga eng yaqin bo'lgan Jorj Pirou[7] va teatr direktori Jan-Per Mikel.[8] Mikel Kalaferte asarini "halol, qattiq va aqldan ritorika qilishga qodir, shu bilan birga uning belgilarining psixologik haqiqatidan hech qachon chetda qolmagan" deb ta'riflagan.[8] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu "mukammal, aniq, chuqur ta'sirchan va kulgili ish".[8] Mikelning aytishicha, uning do'sti Calaferte shaxsiy va do'stona odam, doim o'z fikrini gapiradigan va ishi qattiqligi bilan ajralib turadigan odam edi.[8] Kalafertening daftarlari, shuningdek, tinglovchilariga muallifning badiiy shaxsiyatining yana bir jihatini taqdim etadi, bu uning rasmga bo'lgan ishtiyoqini namoyish etadi[8] va ko'plab adabiyotshunoslarning asarlaridan kelib chiqadigan uning adabiy ilhomi, shu jumladan Pol Lautaud va Franz Kafka.[2]

Tengdoshlari ko'pincha e'tibordan chetda qolishlariga qaramay,[9] Lui Kalafert kuchli va shaxsiy asarlarni yaratdi. Ular orasida edi Ayollar bilan ishlash usuli (1992) (La méchanique des femmes), tasniflanmaydigan qisqa roman[10] u o'limidan ikki yil oldin nashr etilgan bo'lib, u 2000 yilda Jerom de Missolz tomonidan ekranga moslashtirilgan; ammo, u katta muvaffaqiyatni boshdan kechirmadi.[11] Kalaferte muallif sifatida o'z hayotini aks ettirgan:

"O'n uch yoshdan yigirma yoshgacha ko'p yozganim, Parijda ikkita pyesamni namoyish etganim va yigirma ikki yoshimda birinchi kitobimni nashr etganim uchun o'zimni yoshimdan tashqari iste'dodli deb bilaman ... Mening hayotimning rivojlanishi fikrlar va mening tushunish qobiliyatim yillar o'tishi bilan asta-sekin kamol topganimdagina rivojlandi ».[2]

Kalaferte o'z faoliyati davomida yuzlab asarlarni, asosan she'rlar va hikoyalar to'plamlarini, shuningdek sahna asarlari va daftarlarni yaratdi. Lui Kalaferte 1994 yil 2 mayda Frantsiyaning Dijon shahrida vafot etdi. Uning rafiqasi Gilemetta munitsipalitetga Kalafertening asarini shaharga bag'ishlashga tayyorligini, agar unga bag'ishlangan joy bo'lsa.[6] U daftarlarining ilgari ko'rilmagan jildlarini nashr etishda davom etdi.

Ishlaydi

Romanlar

Requiem des begunohlar, 1952, nashriyotchi: To'plamlar to'plami (№ 3388) (2000), Gallimard, (ISBN  2070410013)
Partage des vivants, 1953
Septentrion, 1963, nashriyotchi: To'plamlar to'plami (№ 2142) (1990), Gallimard, (ISBN  2-07-038227-3)
Hech kimning erlari yo'q, 1963, nashriyotchi: L'Arpenteur to'plami, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070772683)
Satori, 1968, nashriyotchi: To'plamlar to'plami (№ 2990) (1997), Gallimard, (ISBN  2070403483)
Rosa mystica, 1968, nashriyotchi: To'plamlar to'plami (№ 2822) (1996), Gallimard, (ISBN  2070400212)
Portret de l'enfant, 1969, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français (1981), Denoël, (ISBN  2207202933)
Hinterland, 1971, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207213455)
Limitrof, 1972, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  220721723X)
La vie parallèle, 1974, nashriyotchi: To'liq hujjatlar to'plami, Denoël, (ISBN  2207220516)
Épisodes de la vie des mantes Religieuses, 1976, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207222519)
Voyage stellaire, 1977
Kampanyalar, 1979, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207225712)
Ébauche d'un avtoportrait, 1983, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207228541)
Boy riche, trois pauvres, 1986, nashriyotchi: nashrlar Gessen - (ISBN  9782950406170)
L'Narnation, 1987, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207234037)
Promenade dans un parc, 1987, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207233367)
Memento mori, 1988, nashriyotchi: L'Arpenteur to'plami, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070780007)
Mett Faust, 1992, nashriyotchi: L'Arpenteur to'plami, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070759547)
La Mécanique des femmes, 1992, nashriyotchi: L'Arpenteur to'plami, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070388638)
C'est la guerre, 1993, nashriyotchi: L'Arpenteur to'plami, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070736326)
Le Monolog, 1996, nashriyotchi: To'plam L'Arpenteur, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070743926)
Droguerie du ciel, 1996, nashriyotchisi: Gessen nashrlari, (ISBN  291127203X)
Le violet de l'améthyste kuyladi, 1998, nashriyotchi: To'plam L'Arpenteur, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070752119)
Suite villageoise, 2000 yil, nashriyotchi: Hesse éditions, (ISBN  2911272315)

Insholar

Les sables du temps, Éditions Le tout pour le tout, Parij, 1998 yil
Droit de cité, 1992, Manya nashri, Folio Gallimard (2670-sonli), 1995, (ISBN  207038702X)
L'Homme jonli, Gallimard, L'arpenteur, 1994 yil, (ISBN  2070740021)
Perspektivlar, illyustratsiyalar de l'auteur, Hessening nashrlari, 1995 yil, (ISBN  295040619X)
Art-Signal, Hessening Éditions, 1996, (ISBN  9782911272042)
Les fontaines silencieuses, nashriyotchi: To'plam L'Arpenteur, Gallimard, 2005, (ISBN  2070772675)

Daftarlar

Le chemin de Sion (1956-1967), Carnets, Denoël, 1980, (ISBN  2207226239)
L'or et le plomb (1968-1973), Carnets II, Denoël, 1981, (ISBN  2207227685)
Lignes intérieures (1974-1977), Carnets III, Denoël, 1985, (ISBN  2207231232)
Le Spectateur harakatsiz (1978-1979), Carnets IV, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 1990 (ISBN  2070780244)
Miroir de Yanus (1980-1981), Carnets V, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 1993, (ISBN  2070736318)
Raportlar (1982), Carnets VI, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 1996 (ISBN  2070743934)
Étapes (1983), Carnets VII, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 1997, (ISBN  2070750221)
Traektoriyalar (1984), Carnets VIII, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 1999, (ISBN  2070755614.)
Éritrit (1985-1986), Carnets IX, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 2001, (ISBN  2070763633)
Bilan (1987-1988), Carnets X, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 2003, (ISBN  2070767787)
Vaziyatlar (1989), Carnets XI, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 2005, (ISBN  2070772691)
Traversée (1990), Carnets XII, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 2006, (ISBN  2070776883)
Vaziyat (1991), Carnets XIII, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 2007, (ISBN  9782070783144)
Yo'nalish (1992), Carnets XIV, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 2008, (ISBN  978-2-07-011960-8)
O'lchamlari (1993), Carnets XV, Gallimard, L'Arpenteur, 2009, (ISBN  9782070125562)
Le jardin fermé (1994), Carnets XVI, Gallimard, L'arpenteur, 2010

O'yinlar

Aux armes, citoyens!, Baroquerie en un acte avec kupletlari 1986, Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207232735)
Teatr tugallandi, Hessening nashrlari, 4 jild (Pièces intimistes, 1993 va Pièces Barokes I, II va III, 1994, 1996 pour le dernier (jami 23 ta pes)

She'rlar

Rag-Time, 1972, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207217248)
Parafeya, 1974, nashriyotchi: Collection Romans français, Denoël, (ISBN  2207220524)
Londoniennes, 1985
Dekalom kompaniyalari, 1987
A.B.D.D., Enfantinlar, avec les illustrations de Jacques Truphémus, Belle-fontaine nashrlari, 1987 yil
Haïkaï du jardin, 1991, nashriyotchi: L'Arpenteur to'plami, Gallimard, (ISBN  2070780392)
Les métamorphoses du révolver, 1993
Ouroboros, 1995
Yolg'on emas, 1996
Qoziq yuzi, 1996
Terre céleste, 1999
Tasavvur, magi, 2000

Boshqa asarlar

Une vie, une deflagration (entretiens avec Patrik Amine), Denoël, 1985 yil
L'Aventure intérieure, (entretiens avec Jean-Pierre Pauty), Éditions Julliard, 1994 yil
Tanlangan nashrlar, Entretiens et choix de textes, le Cherche Midi, 1997
Correspondance 1969-1994, avec Georges Piroué, Hessen nashrlari, 2001 yil

Mukofotlar

Ibsen uchun o'yin "Les Miettes" (1978)
Prij Lugne Po (1979)
Butun teatr ishi uchun Parijning dramatik ijodiyoti uchun Gran-pri (1984)
Gran-pri milliy des letrlari (1992)

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ a b v d e https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-louis-calaferte-1433763.html
  2. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l http://editionshesse.com/?page_id=117
  3. ^ a b Le tomoshabin harakatsiz, 1978 yil 1-noyabr, Carnets 1978-1979, 1990 yilda nashr etilgan, p. 147
  4. ^ http://nplusonemag.com/french-sex-nove
  5. ^ http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9zejr_entretien-avec-patrick-pelloquet-au_creation
  6. ^ a b http://www.bienpublic.com/region-dijonnaise/2011/11/08/pour-que-la-memoire-de-louis-calaferte-perdure
  7. ^ http://editionshesse.com/?page_id=33&category=22
  8. ^ a b v d e http://www.lexpress.fr/informations/mon-ami-calaferte_613780.html
  9. ^ http://horizonovipare.blogspot.ca/2011/04/louis-calaferte.html
  10. ^ http://www.ccenghien.com/2013/02/09/la-m%C3%A9canique-des-femmes/
  11. ^ http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=19617.html

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