Pol Martin (rassom) - Paul Martin (illustrator)

Pol Martin
Pol Martin (rassom), studio portrait.jpg
1911 va 1913 yillarda olingan fotosurat
Tug'ilgan(1883-06-06)1883 yil 6-iyun
Nyu-York, Nyu-York
O'ldi1932 yil 19 mart(1932-03-19) (48 yosh)
Ossining, Nyu-York
Ta'limMilliy dizayn akademiyasi
KasbArt Manager • Illustrator
Turmush o'rtoqlarLauretta Uilli (1880–1972)

Pol Martin (1883 yil 6-iyun, Nyu-York, Nyu-York - 1932 yil 19-mart, Ossining, Nyu-York)[1] edi a grafik rassom va rassom. Uning asarlari yigirmadan ziyod muqovada paydo bo'ldi Klyer va Ota-onalar 1920 yillar davomida. Martin 1917 yilda o'sha paytdagi dunyodagi eng katta elektr displeyini yaratdi.[2] U 1930 yilda o'sha paytda mashhur bo'lgan Fisk Tire Boyni qayta shakllantirdi.[3] U o'ynagan tennis atrofidagi turnirlar Buyuk Nyu-York 1909–1931 yillarda maydon.[4] Shuningdek, AQSh milliy chempionati 1920 yil -21, 24 (barchasi 35 yoshdan keyin).[5] Pol Martinning yakkalik musobaqasi har yili uning nomi bilan atalgan.[6]

Fon

The oltin asr illyustratsiya 1880-yillarda boshlangan.[7] O'sha paytda bosib chiqarish texnikasida katta yutuqlar yuz berayotgan edi. Bunga yutuqlar kiritilgan yarim tonna jarayon. Bu tijorat maqsadlarida foydalanish uchun rasmlarni bosib chiqarishni yanada tejamkor, maqsadga muvofiq va aniqroq qildi. Dan san'atning reproduktsiyasi yog'och gravyuralari (ko'p vaqt talab qiladigan va mashaqqatli), asosan almashtirildi foto-mexanik gravyuralar (yuqori aniqlik darajasi).[8] Ushbu va boshqa usullardan rassom, yozuvchi, o'qituvchi, novator - foydalangan.Xovard Payl - kim odatda "Amerika illyustratsiyasining otasi" deb qaraladi.[9] Ushbu sohada shuhrat qozongan boshqalar Xovard Chandler Kristi, Xarrison Fisher, Jeyms Montgomeri Flagg, Charlz Dana Gibson, John Held Jr., J. C. Leyendecker, Maksfild Parrish, Coles Phillips, Frederik Remington, Norman Rokvell, Jessi Uillkoks Smit va Uayt.

Biroq, illyustratorlarning aksariyati, ular bilan taqqoslaganda, unchalik tan olinmagan tasviriy san'atkorlar. Bunga asosan ularning badiiy asarlari tijorat (ijodkorlik emas) ilhom sifatida qaralishi sabab bo'lgan.[10] Shunga qaramay, ushbu g'ayrioddiy illyustratorlar odamlarning orzu-umidlari, tashvishlari, urf-odatlari, hazil-mutoyibalari, mehnatlari, axloqi va ijtimoiy manfaatlari to'g'risida xabar berishda (va hujjatlashtirishda) kuchli rol o'ynagan.[11] Ulardan biri Pol Martin edi, uning ishi muqovalarda paydo bo'ldi Klyer, Hamma, Fermer xo'jaligi va o't o'chirish joyi, Fermerning rafiqasi, Ozodlik, Ota-onalar va Xalq uyi jurnali 1923–31 yillarda. Ushbu etti jurnal bir vaqtlar eng ko'p tarqalgan kitoblar qatoriga kirgan. Ularning barchasi ishdan ancha oldin chiqib ketishgan, bundan mustasno Ota-onalar. Ularning oxir-oqibat pasayishiga vaqtlarning o'zgarishi (yoki ta'mi), radio va televideniening paydo bo'lishi (reklama beruvchilar uchun yanada jozibali vosita) va iqtisodiyot (xarajatlarning oshishi / tushumning pasayishi) sabab bo'ldi. Maxsus auditoriyalarga yo'naltirilgan ko'proq ixtisoslashganlar yaxshiroq ishlashga intilishdi. Yana bir nuqta shundaki, fotografik texnika va texnologiyalar sohasida katta yutuqlar 1930-yillarda sodir bo'lgan. Bu asta-sekin illyustratsiyadan fotografik qoplamaga (yigirma besh + yillik jarayon) o'tishga olib keldi.[11] Birinchisi hali ham o'zining innovatsion va jozibali fazilatlari uchun taslim bo'lguncha davom etdi Fotoshop va boshqa grafik dasturiy ta'minot dasturlari.

Klyer

(Asarga qo'ng'iroq qilish) Klyer 10-25-1924

Umumiy qiziqishlar bo'yicha jurnallar (ko'ngil ochish, rasmlar, siyosat, seriallar, qissa va sport turlari aralashmasi) bir paytlar juda mashhur bo'lib, turli xil tomoshabinlarga murojaat qilgan. Ulardan biri tarixiy ahamiyatga ega edi Klyer, yangi muharriri ostida qayta tiklandi Uilyam L. Cheneri 1925 yilda.[12][13] Martin o'rtalarida uning ko'pgina muqovalarini chizdi.Yigirmanchi yillarning shovqini, shu jumladan 1925 yilda yettita (yigirma 1923-27). Ulardan ikkitasi Rojdestvo nashrlariga bag'ishlangan (1924 va 26). Ba'zi rassomlar o'zlarini yaratdilar va keyin u bilan birga edilar, masalan, kulgili vaziyatlar, uy ahmoqliklari, siyosiy satira, chiroyli ayollar yoki oddiy zavqlarni chizishda.[14] Uning takrorlanadigan mavzusi turli xil engil ishlarni bajaradigan yosh bolakay edi. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi:[15] beysbolni ushlash, shirinliklarni yuklash (quyida rasm), nay chalib,[16] somon shlyapa bilan bezatilgan, marmar otgan, qorni belkuragan, boshiga kitob ko'targan, chanaga mingan, aylanayotgan tepani o'ragan, kurka yeyayotgan, olmalarni silkitgan, futbol o'ynagan (rasmda), quvonch bilan suzish, sochini oldirish, inoyat aytish, xabarchi sifatida ishlash, baliq ovlashni orzu qilish[17] va suv sirpanchisidan pastga tushish.[18] U kamdan-kam hollarda bu mavzudan chetga chiqdi. Avtoportret qopqog'i uchun eng ajoyib jo'nab ketish bo'ldi. U o'zini yaxshi kiyingan, ovozli tomoshabin sifatida namoyish etdi ot poygalari.[19]

Uning chizish uslubi sodda, ammo jasur edi. Bu yoshlarning yorqinligi, beparvoligi va beg'uborligini qamrab oldi. Ular uchun nostaljik element bor edi. Ular endigina katastrofik hayot kechirgan aholi bilan rezonanslashdi jahon urushi va gripp pandemiyasi. Martin muhim bo'lmagan tafsilotlarni chiqarib tashladi (qo'shimcha odamlar, manzaralar, inshootlar, daraxtlar va boshqalar), bu tomoshabinlarga bir zumda aloqa o'rnatishga imkon berdi. Uning rasmlarini tanib olish oson kechardi, chunki ularning mavzusi va uslubi juda izchil bo'lib qoldi. Ular ba'zan uch o'lchovli chuqurlik illyuziyasini berishdi. Bu turli xil texnikani qo'llash orqali, masalan, rang intensivligining o'zgarishi, chiziqli istiqbol va ustma-ust. Uning muqovasida deyarli har doim bayram / mavsumiy mavzu bo'lgan yoki jurnalning umumiy qiyofasi aks etgan.[20] Bu o'sha paytdagi odatiy amaliyot edi. Bu faqat bir marta ichki maqolaga to'g'ri keldi.[19]

Martinning birinchi qadami g'oyalarni taklif qilish va ularni kontseptual eskizlarga aylantirish edi. Ushbu qo'pol loyihalar topshirildi badiiy muharrirlar, ularni ko'rib chiqish va nashrga ko'rib chiqish uchun. O'zgartirish so'rovi bilan yoki kelmasdan tasdiqlanganlar ustida ishlashni davom ettirdi. (Rad etishlar ba'zan boshqa joylarga yuborilgan.) Keyin u o'g'il bolalarni yolladi fotosessiyalar, ularning aksariyati mahalliy joylarda yashagan.[21] Uning rasmlari haqiqiy hayotdan emas, balki to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hozirda ishlab chiqilgan fotosuratlardan olingan (bu uzoq o'tirishlarni talab qiladi). Bu unga ko'proq imkoniyat va moslashuvchanlikni berdi. Dastlabki tanlovlar va yakuniy versiya asoslandi bir nechta tortishish paytida olingan tasvirlar (ba'zi bir improvizatsiya bilan birga).[22][23] Faol / sabrsiz bolalar jalb qilinganligi sababli, bu yanada amaliy jarayon edi. U ular bilan kamera orqasida, kerakli tabiiy yoki samimiy ifodani olmaguncha muomala qilar edi. Uning rafiqasi ularning sahnalari uchun modellarni tayyorlashga yordam berdi. Klyer keyingi tez o'zgarib turadigan zamon bilan hamqadam bo'la olmadi Ikkinchi jahon urushi va 1956 yil dekabrda nashr etishni to'xtatdi.[12] Asosiy aybdor televizor bo'lib, u reklama va tiraj daromadlariga keskin ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Klyer eng yaxshi raqobatchilar (Hayot, Qarang va Xabar ) o'zgaruvchan vaqtga biroz yaxshiroq moslashdi, bu ularni uzoqroq ushlab turishga yordam berdi.

Grafika rassomi

H-O Yulaf, tashqi reklama belgisi, 1931 yil
Gerlach Barklou taqvimi, "Singin 'in the Rain", 1931 yil
Martin 300 dollarlik g'olibni oladi tekshirish, 1931

Martin dizayn qildi "Wrigley Gum Oltita akrobatikani namoyish etgan "ajoyib lampochka"nayza ustalari "a Broadway 1917 yilda reklama taxtasi.[24] O'shanda u dunyodagi eng katta "200" x 50 'ko'rsatkichidagi elektr displeyi edi.[25] U 43 va 44-ko'chalar orasidagi butun shahar blokini qamrab oldi.[26][27][28][29] Bu Times Square light show, etti yil davomida sayyohlarning diqqatga sazovor joylari bo'lgan.[30][31] U 1918 yilda Urush lageri jamoat ishlari uchun "O'z mamlakatingga xizmat qil" deb nomlangan plakat chizdi. Unda zamonaviy yosh ayol tasvirlangan xizmat qilish tennisda (so'zlar ustida o'ynash ).[32] Xotin-qizlarni turli xil ijtimoiy tadbirlarda (raqs, ovqatlanish va hokazo) qatnashib, xizmatdan tashqarida bo'lgan askarlarning ko'ngil ochishi tavsiya qilindi.[33] Ushbu plakatning ipak ekranli versiyasi (quyida rasm), vaqti-vaqti bilan Xalqaro tennis shon-sharaf muzeyi yilda Nyu-York, Rod-Aylend.[34]

U yo'lovchilar / yuk tashuvchi kompaniyalar uchun qor faoliyatining besh xil sahnasini eskiz qildi Nyu-York, Ontario va G'arbiy temir yo'l 1921 yilda.[35] Ular ta'rifladilar Sallivan okrugi (Mushuklar bo'lim), jonli va tetiklashtiradigan dam olish maskani sifatida. U pishirilgan loviya yeyayotgan quvnoq bolani chizdi Xaynts 57 1927 yilda.[36] Shuningdek, uchun ikkita plakat Amerika Kichik Qizil Xoch. Birinchisi 1929 yilda "Dunyo bo'ylab xizmat ko'rsatish bayrog'i" deb nomlangan edi. Unda dunyo sharafida xalqaro kiyimda bo'lgan bolalar tasvirlangan, biri katta Qizil Xoch bayrog'ini ko'targan.[37] Ikkinchisi 1930 yilda "Hamma joyda yordam beradigan o'smirlar" deb nomlangan. Unda dunyo bo'ylab bolalarning turli xil yordamchi rollarida yigirma miniatyura sahnalari namoyish etilgan.[38] Martin Hecker H-O (Hornby's Oatmeal) kompaniyasi uchun uchta reklama taxtasini yaratdi Buffalo, Nyu-York 1931 yilda. Ulardan biri nonushta paytida jo'xori yeyayotgan o'ziga ishongan yosh futbolchini yamoqlayotganini ko'rsatdi (rasmda).[39] Qolgan ikkitasi uning sog'lig'ini ta'kidladilar[40] va yaxshilik.[41] Ushbu reklama plakat panellarida, o'tib ketayotgan haydovchilar va piyodalarni jalb qilish uchun paydo bo'ldi. Shuningdek, ular oziq-ovqat bozorlarida qisqa muddatli yurishlarga ega edilar; ularning devorlarida, do'kon oynalarini yoki havo simlariga osib qo'ying.[42]

Martin uchta rangli reklamani bo'yadi General Electric butun po'latdir "Monitor Top" muzlatgichi 1930 yilda. Birinchi va eng aniq tasvirlangan ikkita o'g'il bolalar a limonad stendi. Ularning onasi oshxonaning ochiq derazasi orqali ma'qullab qarab turishgan.[43][44] Bu bir vaqtning o'zida turli xil jurnallarda to'liq sahifali reklama sifatida paydo bo'ldi.[45] Sharh Printerlar siyohi 1930 yilda. Iqtibos: "" Elektr Lemonaide, stakan uchun 5 tsent ", - deb o'qiydi yosh do'kondorlar. [Ular] savdo-sotiqni mashaqqatli tarzda talab qilmoqdalar, chunki do'stona it voqea ruhiga qiyin po'stlog'i bilan kiradi. ... Bu harakat va hikoyalarni bayon qilish kuchi bilan to'ldirilgan rasm, ammo reklama qilingan mahsulot shu tarzda ishlanganligi sababli astoydil, illyustratsiya ikki baravar samarali va dolzarb ko'rinadi. "[46] Uning boshqa "Monitor Top" kreditlari - qurilish bloklari bilan o'ynagan qiz (qo'g'irchoq bilan),[47] va kiyingan ikki qiz g'ayratli sotuvchi bolani tinglaydilar.[48][22] Bu turar joy foydalanish uchun birinchi ishonchli va arzon model deb e'lon qilindi (garchi juda qimmat bo'lsa ham).

U tanlov uchun g'olib bo'lgan afishani bo'yab berdi Skaut qizlar 1931 yilda. "Foyda • Go'zallik • Sog'lik • Haqiqat • Bilim» deb nomlangan.[49][50][51] Ushbu tanlov Amerikaning Art Alliance tomonidan o'tkazildi,[52] hunarmandchilik ishchilari va ishlab chiqaruvchilarni birlashtirgan tashkilot. Ikki yuz plyus taqdim etildi.[53] Olti sudyadan iborat hay'at tarkibiga kirdi W. T. Benda (kim o'rnini egalladi Charlz Dana Gibson ),[54] Rey Greenleaf, Rokvell Kent, Jon La Gatta, Neysa MakMeyn va Edvard A. Uilson.[55] Martinning plakat uchun modeli 14 yoshli Daraen (Konnektikut) dan Barbara Smit edi[55] (ilgari Yonkersda yashagan, N.Y.).[56] Uning ota-onasi va Martin umrbod do'st bo'lishgan. U hatto xizmat qilgan eng yaxshi odam 1904 yilda ularning to'ylarida.[57] Uning g'olibona ovqatlari unga skautlar milliy direktoridan birinchi o'rinni oldi Jozefin Shayn (rasmda). Ushbu almashinuv ularning o'sha paytdagi milliy shtab-kvartirasida bo'lib o'tdi Leksington avenyu Nyu-York shahrida. Shuningdek, Shayn ikkinchi va uchinchi o'rin egalariga pul mukofotlarini topshirgandan so'ng darhol.[58] Milliy prezident Missis Frederik (Birdsall Otis) Edey rahbarlar bilan birga uchta maslahatchidan biri edi Anne Hayd Choate va Jenevieve Garvan Brady.[54] Ushbu plakat (qayta shakllangan va rasmga kiritilgan) keyinchalik salom o'rniga uchta ko'tarilgan barmog'i bilan paydo bo'ldi,[59] 1932 yil kuzi va 1933 yil bahorida qizlar uchun skaut uskunalari kataloglari muqovasida.[60] Bu ularning fe'l-atvorini yaratish harakatining ruhini sodiq va hayratlanarli darajada o'ziga jalb qildi.[55] Taqdirlash marosimida Martin shunday dedi: “Barbara bularning hammasi bo'lib tuyulmoqda Skaut qizlar degani. U nurli, baxtli va sog'lom yosh qizlikning ruhi, va mening tanlovim tabiiy ravishda musobaqadan xabar topganimdan keyin darhol unga aylandi. "[61]

Uning rasmlari ham tugadi Gerlach Barklow 1931 yildagi "Singin 'in the rain" ("Yomg'irdagi singin") kabi reklama taqvimlari, siyohi qorishtiruvchi kartochkalar va bosma nashrlarda. Yigit yomg'irdan soyabon bilan boshpana berayotgan bir bolakay aks etgan. (rasmda).[62] Boshqasi o'g'il bolani ilmiy nazariyalarni biroz qiynalib o'qiyotganligini ko'rsatdi.[63] Martinning rasmlarida ko'pincha yoqimli va do'stona kuchukcha bor edi (yoki undan ham ko'proq!). U shunday narsalar uchun qopqoqlarni chizdi savdo nashrlari kabi Reklama va sotish,[64][24] Yaxshi uskuna,[65] Progressive Grocer (oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini sotuvchilar uchun sanoat ovozi)[66] va Jim styuardessa (uy bekalari uchun retseptlar va maslahatlar)[67] 1920 va 1931 yillar orasida. Tasodifan, H-O Oats uchun dubulg'ali bola (rasmda), keyinchalik bo'lib xizmat qildi Progressive Grocer's 1956-62 yillarda muharrir.[68] Martinning dastlabki ikkitasi imzolangan muqovalar ushbu oziq-ovqatga yo'naltirilgan jurnal uchun edi.[69] Uning ishi turli xil bosma nashrlarda (shu jumladan tashqi reklama) paydo bo'ldi.[70][71]

Boshqa bir kredit haqida nashr tomonidan keltirilgan Xorijiy urushlar faxriylari 1932 yilda. Quyidagi kabi: "Ushbu nashrga muqova dizayni Chet el xizmati[23] 1932 yildagi Buddy Poppy rasmiy afishasining ikki rangli nusxasi.[72] (Bu shunday nomlangan, chunki sobiq askarlar halok bo'lgan o'rtoqlarini ta'riflashda ushbu so'zni ishlatishgan Jahon urushi.) Asl nusxa marhum Pol Martin tomonidan yog'ga bo'yalgan, deb ta'kidladi Nyu-Yorkdagi afishada rassom, 19 mart kuni jiddiy operatsiyadan so'ng to'satdan vafot etdi. Ushbu plakat hozirgi kungacha ramziy ma'noga ega bo'lgan eng ajoyib va ​​mos dizaynlardan biri sifatida talaffuz qilingan Buddy Poppy. (Yiqilganlar sharafiga taqilgan yorqin qizil sun'iy gul Ittifoqdosh askarlar.) Bu rassomning vafotidan bir oz oldin tugatilgan va uning so'nggi muhim vazifasi bo'lgan deb hisoblashadi [sic].[73][74] Pol Martinning rassomlik karerasini yaxshi biladiganlar, 1932 yilgi Buddy Poppy afishasini uning eng yaxshi ijodlaridan biri deb e'lon qilishadi. "[75][76]

Fisk Tire Boy

Martinning eng taniqli badiiy asari, 1930. Rassom imzoladi.
Jigsaw Puzzle - Dizayn № One, 1933. Rassom imzolagan.
1932 yil konvertda pochta markasi qo'yilgan. Rassom imzolagan.

The Fisk Rubber Company 1901 yilga kelib avtomobil, velosiped va karetka shinalarini ishlab chiqaradi.[77][78] Uning zavodi daryo bo'yida joylashgan Chicopee Falls, Massachusets shtati. Zavod 1921 yil avgust oyida 230 ming dona shinalarni chiqarib tashladi.[79] 1930-yillarning katta qismida tavakkalchilik moliyaviy jihatdan qiynalgan.[80] Ular tomonidan sotib olingan AQSh kauchuk —AKA AQSh qirolligi (1940).[81] Uning dunyo bo'ylab bo'linmalariga yagona, birlashtiruvchi ism berilgan Uniroyal (1966).[82] Ular Goodrich bilan birlashdilar va bo'lishdi Uniroyal Goodrich (1986). Uning shinalar bo'limi sotildi Mishel (1990).[83] Fisk Shinalar faqat tomonidan sotilgan Kmart (1965–78)[84] va Shinani chegirma (1996–2014).[85]

Martin Amerika reklamasidagi bir paytlar taniqli bo'lgan obrazni butunlay o'zgartirdi. Bu Fisk Rubber Company kompaniyasidir yotish vaqti yoqilgan shamni osiltirib o'tirgancha katta hajmdagi g'ildirakni yelkasiga olgan bola.[86][87] Bu "Qaytadan charchash vaqti keldi" (1910 yil debyuti) motorli xabar bilan keldi.[88][89][90] Ushbu ibora sodda edi ikki ma'noli. Bolaning esnashi 1929 yil boshida tabassumga aylandi.[91][92] Keyin Martinga buyurtma berildi✯ 1929 yil oxirida biroz yoshi kattaroq va zamonaviy raqamni taklif qilish.[93][94] Maqsad juda ommalashgan savdo belgisini yangilash, shu bilan birga o'zining jozibadorligi va tanishligini saqlab qolish edi. Kichkina bolakayning bir bo'lak shpali, almashtirish jarayonida ikki bo'lak pijamaga aylandi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy shippaklar ham qo'shildi. Uning to'rt yoshli jiyani namuna sifatida ishlatilgan (faqat bo'yin pastga).[21][95] Shunga qaramay, poz va barcha muhim rekvizitlar asosan buzilmasdan saqlanib qoldi (garchi hozirgi shinalar dizayni va zamonaviyroq - kamroq egilgan - sham ushlagichi bilan). Ko'pgina gazetalarda 1930 yildagi yangi ko'rinishga yuqori baho berilgan bir hikoya chop etildi. Unda yosh bola ingichka, serqirra, bolalarcha va zamonaviy ("zamonga mos ravishda") sifatida tasvirlangan.[96] Boshqa bir sharhni Fisk kompaniyasining reklama menejeri tomonidan milliy jurnal yozuvchisi qildi. Quyidagicha:

"baxtli, jilmayib turadigan, 100 foiz amerikalik o'g'li o'zining kichkina ikki pijamasida, xushchaqchaq, qizg'ish yonoqli va sochli boshli, xushchaqchaq va keng hushyor, qadimgi pozada turibdi".[97][98]

Yangilangan versiyadan birinchi bo'lib Fisk Tyres foydalanib, o'zining yangi taqdim etgan "Havo parvozlari" ni reklamalarda namoyish qildi. Bunga o'n ikki marta kiritilgan Shanba kuni kechki xabar, 1930 yil 8 fevraldan 23 avgustgacha (rasmda).[99][100] U "ramkalashga yaroqli", 11x14 rangli badiiy nashr sifatida ommaga taqdim etildi.[101] Keyinchalik quvnoq maskot ko'plab turli xil mahsulotlarda paydo bo'ldi. Bular yuzni teginish bilan yoki unsiz holda edi (rasmda uchta variant).[102] Masalan, oldingi qopqoqda va fon rasmlari 1931 yildagi bolalar kitoblari. Mavzular (8): Candy Land, Jek va loviya sopi, kichkina qora sambo, Piter quyoni, pirogi, uchta ayiq, uchta mushukcha va Uchta kichik cho'chqa.[103] Ularning hammasi "Qaytadan charchash vaqti / yotish haqidagi hikoya" deb subtitr bilan yozilgan. U shuningdek, kuldonlarda paydo bo'ldi,[104] ko'prik ballari,[105] sigaret qutilari,[106] elektr soatlar,[107] boshqotirmalar (# 1 rasm),[108][109] gugurt daftarlari,[110] plakatlar[111] va poyabzal uchun tovonni rezina bilan almashtirish.[112] Bu mijozlar yoki potentsial mijozlar uchun bepul narsalar edi.[113][114] Martinning raqamini Fisk chakana sotuvchilari ma'lumot kitoblarida ishlatgan,[115] displey oynalari,[116] firma blankalari va pochta konvertlari (rasmda).[117] Bu kichraytirilgan shaklda paydo bo'ldi, yilda O'g'il bolalar hayoti va boshqa jurnallar[118] (yuzlab gazetalar bilan birga)[119] 1930–34 yillarda. Keyinchalik Fisk Tires 1935 yilda asl uyqusiragan bolaga qaytdi.[120] Eng muhim jamoatchilik buni afzal ko'rdi, garchi boshqa kompaniyalar o'zlarining maskotlarini (bir necha marta) muvaffaqiyatli modernizatsiya qilishgan bo'lsa ham.[121] Aytgancha, Norman Rokvell 1917–20, 24–25 yillarda nashr etilgan savdo xarakterini aks ettiruvchi ko'plab rasmlarni chizdi.[122]

Jadval.[97] Pijama bilan o'ralgan bolaning uch bosqichi (tashqi ko'rinishiga qarab) bosma shaklda yoki reklama materialida): a. 1910-28, 35 yoshdan boshlab[88][89][90][123] (agentlik badiiy direktori Burr Giffin tomonidan yaratilgan). b. 1929–30 (esnayish tabassumga aylandi - noma'lum). v. 1930–34 (Pol Martin tomonidan zamonaviy qiyofa).[94][124] Uning kreditlari ikki qismli pijama bilan jihozlangan barcha (va faqat) versiyani o'z ichiga oladi. Uning birinchi debyuti bo'lib o'tdi Shanba kuni kechki xabar 1930 yil 8 fevraldagi son.

✯U o'g'il bolalar rasmlari uchun repertuar yaratgani uchun muhim komissiyani qabul qildi.[125] O'sha paytda rassomlar orasida o'z joylarini yaratish odatiy holdir.[14] O'g'il bolalar, itlar va chiroyli ayollarning mavzulari o'sha davrda mashhur mavzular edi.[126]

Hayot va tennis

U 1883 yil 6-iyun kuni Nyu-York shahrida Xanna A. (ism-sharifi Morrou) va Robert C. Martin (g'isht savdogari) tomonidan tug'ilgan.[127][128] U to'qqiz farzandning ikkinchisi edi. Ularning uchtasi voyaga etmagan.[129][130] Oilaviy uy yoqilgan edi Manxetten 8-chi va 9-chi Aves oralig'ida joylashgan 31-chi st. 1880 yillar davomida.[131] Martin klani yuqoriga ko'tarildi Markaziy Harlem 1890 yilda Edgecombe prospektida.[132] Ular 1898 yilda 129-chi va 5-chi Markaziy Harlemga ko'chib ketishdi.[133][134] Ular Yigirma to'rtinchi ko'chaga tegishli edi M. E. cherkovi (1890 yilgacha)[135][136] va Kalvari M. E. cherkovi (1908 yilgacha).[137] Polning otasi Robert edi boshliq ularning Yakshanba maktablari.[138][139] Martin bolaligida rasm chizishdan juda zavqlanardi (kelajakda kasb).[50] Uning birinchi doimiy ishi 16 yoshida brokerlik xizmatida ishlagan.[140] U o'qidi tijorat san'ati da Milliy dizayn akademiyasi 1902–06 yillarda.[141][142][143] Uning birinchi martaba pozitsiyasi shunday bo'lgan Nyu-York tribunasi "s 1906-13 yillarda badiiy menejer (muvaffaqiyatli) Stiven H. Xorgan ).[24][144] Martin oila a'zolari bilan ko'chib o'tdi Yuqori Manxetten ga Maplewood, Nyu-Jersi, 1908.[145][146][147] Ularning yangi cherkovi atigi ikki blok narida joylashgan edi.[148] Ular a yaqinida yashagan poezd bekati, bu ularga Manxettenga borishga imkon berdi. U 1909 yilgi ruxsat berilgan tennis turnirlarida qatnashishni boshladi.[149][150] Martin Lauretta Uilliga uylandi Xoboken, Nyu-Jersi, 1912.[151] Ular dastlab uchrashgan Calvary metodisti.[152] Laurettaning singlisi Emma maktab o'qituvchisi va akasi Valter buxgalter edi (keyinchalik Willey Book Co.ga egalik qilgan).[153] Ularning birinchi ijaraga olingan uyi Universitet balandligi qismi Bronks, 1912.[154] Ular 1915 yil sharqda bir blokni ko'chirishdi.[155][156] 1913–19 yillarda O. J. Gude kompaniyasida ishlagan.[157][158] Bu tashqi reklama sohasida innovatsion gigant edi. Uning Gude ofisida edi Times Square, 42-chi va Broadway-da. U 1919-20 yillarda Gotham Studios reklama firmasida ishlagan.[159][160] Uning shtab-kvartirasi 1920 yil 1-yanvar kuni 1133 Broadway (Sent-Jeyms Bldg.) Dan Sharqiy 24-ko'chaga (Park Ave. yaqinida) ko'chib o'tdi.[161]

Martin Rassomlar uyushmasiga qo'shildi[50] va ketdi frilans 1921 yil yanvar oyida.[162] Bu unga mustaqil ishlashga imkon berdi; moslashuvchan soatlar, ijodiy nazorat va, aksincha, daromad noaniqliklari bilan. Pol va Lauretta ko'chib ketishdi Bronks ning qishloq joyiga Millvud, Nyu-York, 1925 yil avgust.[163] Ularning birinchi uyi 1925–32 yillarda ishchi studiya (yuqori qavat) sifatida ikki baravar ko'paygan.[21][164] Uning markaziy qismi polotnolarni, chizilgan pedlarni, bo'yoq cho'tkalarini va naychalarni ushlab turadigan uzun tekis stol edi. Yaqin atrofda badiiy kitoblar, molbertlar, fotosessiya rekvizit va qo'shni qorong'i xona. Tabiiy shimoliy nur katta derazadan kirib keldi.[165][166] U vaqti-vaqti bilan oila a'zolaridan namuna sifatida foydalangan. Pol amakining jiyani Edna ko'rsatilgan (u qo'g'irchoq aravasini ag'darib tashlagani uchun) o'g'il bolalar vagonining litsenziya raqamini yozib,[21] ustida Ozodlik 1925 yil 12-sentabr muqovasi. Shuningdek, u an Amerika Kichik Qizil Xoch plakat.[21][38] Uning qaynonasi ko'rsatilgan sarosimaga tushirish uchun kurka Minnatdorchilik kuni,[21] ustida Xalq uyi jurnali 1928 yil noyabr oyining muqovasi.[167]

Pol Martinning yodgorlik sovrini

U eng yaxshi o'ttiz tennischi qatoridan joy oldi Nyu-York metropoliteni, 1920-25 yillarda (birinchi yigirma 1923-24).[168][169][170] Uning kuchi aniq zarbalar berishda edi.[171] Martin 1919 va 1931 yillar orasida yakka, juftlik va aralash juftlikda (Lauretta bilan) ko'plab sovrinlarni (yoki mukofotlarni) qo'lga kiritdi.[172][173][174] Masalan, 1920 yilda Sunningdeyl Kantri klubida tashkil etilgan birinchi chempionatni qo'lga kiritish uchun.[175][176] Boshqalari Jorj ko'li uchun edi[177] va Mohonk ko'li[178] 1924 yilgi chempionat. Martinning raqiblari orasida kelajakdagi mashhurlar zali ham bor edi Fred Aleksandr,[179] Jan Borotra,[180] Frensis Hunter,[181] Jerald Patterson,[182] Vinsent Richards,[183] Bill Tilden,[184] Jon Van Ryn,[185] Mari Vagner[186] & Watson Washburn.[187][188] Boshqa stendlar edi Kreyg Biddl,[189] Herbert Bowman,[190][191] Uayli Grant,[192] Uolter Merril Xoll,[193] Robert Kinsey,[194] Persi Kynaston,[195] Nataniel Niles,[196] Doktor Uilyam Rozenbaum,[197] Xovard Voshel[198] & Charlz Vud.[199] Dubl sherigi va uzoq yillik klubdoshi gazeta sharhlovchisi edi Franklin P. Adams, kim yozgan "Beysbolning qayg'uli leksikoni."[200][201] Jamoadoshi 14 yoshli o'spirinning amaldagi milliy chempioni edi Vinsent Richards.[202]

Martin bilan raqobatlashdi Bill Tilden o'ndan ortiq musobaqalarda,[203] shu jumladan AQSh milliy chempionati 1920 yil, 21 & 24.[204][205] Ikkinchisi yangi qurilgan maydonda ijro etildi Forest Hills stadioni va uning tashqi sudlarida, 25 avgust - sentyabr. 1924 yil 2-iyun. Uning ochilish raundidagi raqibi ikki karra edi Uimbldon chempioni, Jerald Patterson ning Avstraliya. 41 yoshli Martin setni yutdi, garchi 4-6, 4-6, 9-7, 0-6 hisobida yutqazdi.[182][206] (Ikki kun bor edi yomg'irning kechikishi uchinchi to'plamdan keyin.)[207] U shuningdek Forest Hills-da to'rtta qatorda qatnashdi Veteranlar milliy chempionati (45 yoshdan katta) 1928–31 yillarda.[208] Martin ikkala universiteti balandligi uchun ham taniqli yakkalik va juftlik o'yinchisi edi (Bronx, N.Y.)[200] va okrug (Sarsdeyl, N.Y.)[209] Tennis klublari. U beixtiyor 1924 yildagi mashhur o'yinchi-yozuvchi mojarosiga tushib qoldi (ma'lumot uchun umumiy nuqtai[210]). 1924 yil fevral-dekabr oylaridan havaskorlik va professionalizm o'rtasidagi farq qizg'in tortishuvlarga duch keldi. U ko'pincha ayollar rolini o'ynagan. hakam.[211] U qo'mita a'zosi sifatida yoshlar uchun musobaqalar tashkil qildi Briarkliff uyi Sport klubi.[212] The Vestchester okrugi Tennis Ligasi AQShda doimiy ravishda faoliyat olib boradigan eng qadimgi musobaqadir (taxminan 1924). Sakson yildan ko'proq vaqt davomida ular har yili o'tkaziladigan Pol Martin singl turnirini o'tkazdilar.[213] [214][215] Buni faxriy futbolchi Fenimor Cady of boshlagan Pleasant tog'i, N.Y.[216] G'oliblarning ismlari Martinning qimmatbaho kuboklaridan biriga yozib qo'yilgan (rasmda).[217][218] Qisqa muddatli klublar o'rtasidagi turnir uning xotirasini ham sharafladi.[219]

1932 yilda Ossining kasalxonasida o'tkazilgan og'ir operatsiyadan so'ng u 48 yoshida yaradan vafot etdi.[220] Dafn marosimi bo'lib o'tdi Highland (hozirgi Ossining Yunayted) metodist cherkovi.[221] Omon qolganlar orasida uchta aka va bitta singil bor edi.[222] Uning rafiqasi Lauretta "Lolly" (1880-1972), undan qirq yil umr ko'rdi.[223] Ularning ikkalasi ham yakka durang o'ynagan US Open,[224] va aralash juftliklarda doimiy sherik bo'lishgan.[225][226][227] U eri nomidagi turnir kubogini sovg'a qildi.[218] Uning urush yillarida surati ("O'z mamlakatingizga xizmat qiling") bir paytlar xonaning asosiy xonasida ko'zga ko'ringan holda namoyish etilgan Xalqaro tennis shon-sharaf muzeyi.[228] Uning sovg'alar do'koni vaqti-vaqti bilan kofe krujkasini taklif qildi[229] va postkarta versiyasi (rasmda). U o'zining sport qobiliyati, faol ishtiroki, do'stona munosabati va sport bilan shug'ullanishi bilan tanilgan edi.[230] Bronxvil matbuoti Iqtibos: 1932 yil. Iqtibos: "Uning huzurida har doim topnotcherlar, shuningdek faqat o'rtacha o'yinni namoyish eta oladiganlar his qilar edilar. Pol Martin o'yinda toza va foydali narsalarning sinonimi edi".[231]

Jami finallar va boshqalar

(Uslubda xizmat qilish) Jahon urushi plakat, 1918 yil

Ushbu ro'yxat faqat ruxsat olgan ochiq yoki taklifnoma turnirlarini o'z ichiga oladi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari maysazor tennis uyushmasi. Ularning natijalari asosan futbolchilar reytingini va kimga munosibligini aniqladi Fuqarolar. Bular yarim mutaxassisliklar tadbir mezboni tomonidan tasniflanadi.[232] Umumiy finallar (30). Hujjatli buzilish quyidagicha. G'olib (11). SINGLES: 1920-Sunningdale CC (Sarsdeyl, N.Y.).[233] 1924 yil - Jorj ko'li va Mohonk ko'li tennis klublari (Uorren va Ulster grafliklari ).[234][235] YASHASH UChUNLAR: 1915 yil - Merriewold TC (Sallivan Co. ).[236][237] DUBLLAR: 1922 yil - Nyu-York atletik klubi.[238] 1924 yil - Jorj ko'li va Mohonk ko'li. 1925 yil - Jorj ko'li va G'arbiy Saydagi tennis klubi (faxriylar uchun).[239] 1931 yil - Jorj ko'li. Aralash DOUBLES: 1920 – Nyu-York TC (turmush qurgan juftliklar uchun).[240] Ikkinchi o'rin (2). Yagona: 1919 yil - Woodmere Club (L.I., N.Y.).[241] 1922 yil - Esseks okrugi (N.J.)[242] & Powelton Club (Nyuburg, N.Y.).[243] 1923 yil - Amakassin klubi (Yonkers)[244] & Harlem (Manxetten) TC.[245] 1924 yil - Oritani Field Club (Hackensack, N.J.)[246] & Stamford (Konn.) Yaxt klubi.[247] 1925 yil - Jorj ko'li va Mohonk ko'li. 1930 yil - Jorj ko'li. DUBLLAR: 1921 yil - Grinvich (Konn.)[248] & Milford (Pa.) Field Club. 1925 yil - Mohonk ko'li. 1926 yil - South Yonkers TC.[249] 1930 yil - Jorj ko'li. 1931 yil - Mohonk ko'li.[235] Aralash DUBLLAR: 1921 yil - Milford (Pa.).[250] 1925 yil - Jorj ko'li (Lauretta bilan). 1930 yil - Jorj ko'li (Lauretta bilan).[234] Turli xil. Bular ma'lum bo'lganlar. Masalan, aralash juftlik natijalari har doim ham qayd etilavermagan. Shunday qilib, Milfordda aytilgan, tarixga osonlikcha yo'qolishi mumkin edi. U shuningdek, faqatgina County Tennis Club a'zolari uchun ochiq bo'lgan ko'plab musobaqalarda g'olib bo'lgan Xarsdeyl.[251] Martins ta'tilda ba'zida aylanada o'ynagan.[252]

US Open yakkaliklar
1920 (1R)
1921 (2R)
1924 (2R)

Katta dubulg'a (mutaxassisliklar). Ushbu ro'yxat faqat tashqi ko'rinishga asoslangan. U belgilangan turlarga qadar davom etdi. Milliy yakkaliklar (3): 1920-1R. 1921 -2R. 1924-2R.[204] [Lauretta: 1921-1R.][224] Milliy faxriylarning yakkaliklari - 45 yoshdan (4 yoshgacha): 1928-4R. 1929-4R. 1930-3R. 1931-3R.[208] Uning nomi o'zgartirildi US Open 1968 yilda.

Universitet balandligi TC. Yaqin atrofda yashovchi uzoq yillik qo'mita va o'ynaydigan a'zosi. U har yilgi Shimoliy Saydadagi musobaqalarda 1913 va 1929 (ketma-ket 1915–25) o'rtasida qatnashgan. Ushbu ochiq tadbirlar odatda katta ahamiyatga ega bo'ldi. Turmush qurmaganlar (12): 1915-5R. 1916-3R. 1917-2R. 1918-4R. 1919-5R. 1920-3R. 1922-3R. 1923-4R. 1924-SF. 1925-3R. 1928-SF. 1929-2R.[253] Ikki marta (6): 1913-SF. 1915-3R. 1916-3R. 1919-1R. 1920-3R. 1921-1R. 1922 yil - to'xtatilgan.[254] Aralash juftliklar: 1923-1R.[255]

A'zolar. Ushbu intervallar gazeta va davriy hisoblardan olingan. Maplewood (N.J.) FC 1909–12.[149] University Heights (Bronx) TC 1913–26.[256][257] Okrug (Xartsdeyl) TK 1926–32.[258] U to'g'ridan-to'g'ri 23 yil 1909-31 yillar davomida davra o'ynagan.[4] Uning akasi Ralf A., Quyi Manxetten va undan keyin Sharqiy Orange (N.J.), vaqti-vaqti bilan unga qo'shilgan.[259]

Featured match. 1925 yilgi Sharqiy Nyu-York shtat chempionati. Dastlabki hisob Nyu-York Tayms sport muallifi, Allison Danzig. Parchalar: "Bugun tushdan keyin [Bill] Tilden va Strachan juftliklarning yarim finalidan Alfred D. Xammet va Pol Martinni 6-4, 5-7, 6-1, 6-3 hisobida mag'lubiyatga uchratib chiqib ketdi. ... Filadelfiyaliklar Nyu-York juftligini engib chiqquncha, bu erda Tilden butun hafta davomida o'ynagan eng yaxshi tennisni talab qildi. Hammett va Martin har doim da'vogar edilar, faqat uchinchi to'plamdan tashqari, ular pastga tushishdi; va ularni ushlab turish uchun Tilden doimiy ravishda sherigi hududiga bostirib kirib, raqib juftligini bir qo'li bilan o'ynashni lozim topdi. ... Birinchi va ikkinchi setlarda ikkala jamoani tanlash uchun hech narsa yo'q edi. Uchinchi setda Hammett va Martin bo'laklarga ketishdi, chunki Tilden keng tarqalib ketdi va o'z maydonlarini joylashtirish disklari va voleybollari bilan silkitdi. Phlladelphians qo'mondonlik ustunligini qo'lga kiritgandan so'ng [bu erda], Nyu-York juftligi keyingi bobda o'z kuchlarini tejashni afzal qilib, ko'p harakat qilmasdan setga borishga ruxsat berdi. Ammo dam olish vaqtidan keyin Tilden kortga qaytib keldi, ehtimol u o'yinning eng yaxshi tennischisini o'ynadi. Martin ham, Xammet ham bor narsalari bilan kurashdilar va ularning jamoaviy ishlari ajoyib tarzda muvofiqlashtirildi, ammo barchasi Tildenning yorqinligiga qarshi hech narsa hisoblanmadi "[keyin reytingda Dunyo № 1 ].[184][260]

Jurnal muqovasi

Ularning aksariyati rassomlar tomonidan imzolangan. Qolganlari "Muqova Pol Martin" so'zlari bilan muhrlangan. Uning imzosi etarlicha izchil bo'lib qoldi; egri chiziqli P & M, diagonal kesib o'tgan t va pastki chizilgan belgisi bilan. Shuningdek, ismning familiyaning yuqorisida joylashishi bilan.

(Yuguruvchi uyga siljiydi) PHJ, 5-1928
"Ishbilarmon erkaklar tushligi": qaymoqli pirog, shokoladli pirojnoe, guruchli puding va muzqaymoq sundagi. Klyer 2-2-1924

Uning badiiy asarlari Chet el xizmati dastlab sotilgan Ota-onalar 1930 yilda. U foydalanilmay qoldi va shu bilan shug'ullanildi Amerika litografik. Keyinchalik ular 1932 yil boshida uni nashr etish uchun uni Xorijiy urushlar faxriylariga sotdilar.[261] Martinning badiiy asarlari Die Hausfrau (Viskonsin shtatida nashr etilgan) beshta kuchukcha bo'lgan bolaning (yuqoridagi rasm), dastlab Gerlach Barklow Calendar Company tomonidan ishlatilgan. Ferma va o't o'chirish joyi 'nomi o'zgartirildi Qishloq uyi 1930 yil boshida.

Ota-onalar 1951 yil oktyabrda 25-yilligi nashr qilindi. Uning noyob muqovasida o'zining oldingi muqovalarining yigirma beshtasi miniatyura shaklida (1926–50 yillarda har yili uchun) nashr etilgan. Martinning uchtasi bunga erishdi kumush yubiley nashr. Ularning chiqarilgan sanalari 1928 yil oktyabr, 1929 va 1930 yil oktyabr edi. Shuning uchun, qaysidir ma'noda, ularning orzu qilganlarini yutdi "Yilning muqovasi "1928, 29 & 30 uchun mukofot.

Quyidagi ro'yxatda ma'lum bo'lgan o'ttiz ettita kredit, shu jumladan 1925 yil sentyabrdan uchtasi bor. Ularning barchasi iste'molchilar (savdo emas) jurnallaridan. Ikkinchisi "Grafika rassomi" (beshinchi xatboshi) ostida qayd etilgan.

● Amerikalik qiz (1917–1979): 10-1931.[262]
● Klyer (1888 - 1957 yil yanvar): 5-26-1923,[263] 2-2-1924 (o'ngdagi rasm), 6-28-1924,[16] 10-25-1924 (yuqoridagi rasm), 11-22-1924, 12-27-1924, 5-2-1925, 5-30-1925, 6-27-1925 (avtoportret),[19] 7-4-1925, 7-25-1925, 9-19-1925,[17] 10-31-1925,[264] 1-16-1926, 2-13-1926, 5-22-1926, 12-25-1926, 2-26-1927, 8-13-1927, 8-27-1927.[18]
● Hamma (1899–1929): 9-1925.[265]
● Ferma va yong'in / qishloq uyi (1878–1939): 11-1923, 8-1930.
● Fermerning rafiqasi (1897–1970): 1-1931.[266]
● Chet el xizmati (1914 - Bugungi kungacha): 5-1932.[267]
● Die Hausfrau (1904 - Bugungi kunga qadar): 4-1936.[268]
● Ozodlik (1924–1950): 9-12-1925.[269]
● Ota-onalar (1926 yil oktyabr - Bugungi kunga qadar): 10-1928,[270] 2-1929, 5-1929,[271] 8-1929, 10-1929, 2-1930, 10-1930.[272]
● Xalq uyi jurnali (1885–1929): 5-1928 (rasmda), 11-1928.[167]

Kitobning rassomi

Beysbol detektivi, 1928

Bu erda maqsad matnni to'g'ri talqin qilish edi. Uning badiiy hissalari qisqa hikoyalar, quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi: ● Shanba kuni kechki xabar. Qisqa burilish va encore tomonidan Doroti Parker va boshqalar, 1922 yil 29-iyul p. 16.[273] ● Klyer. Adyol tomonidan Floyd Dell, 16 oktyabr 1926 y. 18.[274] ● Klyer. Adolatsiz yo'l Burford Lorimer tomonidan (o'g'li Jorj Xoras Lorimer ), 1926 yil 25-dekabr, 22-23 betlar.[275] ● Scribner jurnali. Fojia Eve Bernstein tomonidan, 1928 yil aprel. 479.[276] ● Scribner jurnali. Qorong'u izda tomonidan Franklin Xolt (qalam nomi ), 1928 yil iyul 71.[277]

Quyida keltirilgan birinchi oltita bolalar uchun fantastik yoki yarim fantastik kitoblardir. Bu bilan hamkorlikni o'z ichiga oladi Xovard R. Garis. Ushbu janr ba'zan yanada jonlantirilgan, xayoliy va injiq rasm uslubini talab qilar edi (hali ham mavjud) sinxronlash hikoya bilan).

● Baytlahmning turg'un o'g'li Filus; va boshqa bolalar uchun Rojdestvo bayrami uchun va'zlari ... . Edmund J. Klivlend, so'zining bosh so'zi bilan Rt. Rev. Charlz L. Slattery, 1927 yil sentyabr. (Kreditlar: chang ko'ylagi, frontispiece va 52, 66, 124-betlarga qarang.)[278] Unda cherkov yilini o'z ichiga olgan o'n bitta qisqa hikoyalar mavjud. Ochish marosimi hozir bo'lgan barqaror bola haqida Tug'ilish. Bular psevdo-rivoyatlar axloqiy xabar bilan.
● Puck Chasers, shu jumladan. Charlz G. Myuller, 1927 yil sentyabr. (Kreditlar: chang ko'ylagi, old qism va ichki sahifalar.)[279] Bu eng qadimgi kitoblardan biri muzli xokkey mavzu. Uning o'tmishdoshlari kombinatsiyaga moyil edilar qishki sport turlari, faqat muzli xokkeyda emas. Talabalar to'siqlarni engib o'tib, jamoaviy yangi sport turini tashkil etishdi va ommalashtirdilar.
● Araminta. Helen Cady Forbes, 1927 yil noyabr. (Kreditlar: chang ko'ylagi, old qism va qarama-qarshi sahifalar 134, 212.)[280] Araminta o'n bir yoshga kiradi va o'g'irlangan bolani topadi.
● Shahzoda va cho'chqaning darvozasi va boshqa hikoyalar. Robert Xyu Morris, 1928 yil may. Kirish: "99 yoshgacha bo'lgan barcha yoshdagi bolalar uchun murakkab bo'lmagan ertaklar". (Kreditlar: chang ko'ylagi, old qismi va yuzi 48, 134, 166.)[281]
● Beysbol detektivi. Charlz G. Myuller, 1928 yil avgust. (Kreditlar: chang ko'ylagi, old qism va yuz 22, 132, 250-)rasmda.)[281] Bu hikoya beysbol, Fisk O'g'il bolalar maktabida raqobat, do'stlik va sir.
● Chad of Knob Hill: yolg'iz skaut haqida ertak. Xovard R. Garis, 1929 yil sentyabr. 2013 yilda qayta nashr etilgan. (Kreditlar: chang ko'ylagi, old qism va 14, 60, 85, 97, 163, 187, 213, 281-betlar.)[282] Ushbu kitobda a Boy skaut mavzu. Bosib yuruvchi qo'shin ortiqcha ishlagan xo'jayin yo'lini kesib o'tadi (u qo'shiladi). Garis hikoyalar yaratdi Wiggily amaki, janob, revmatizm - urilgan quyon.
● Bugungi va kechagi voqealar ... . Frederik Xuk qonuni, muharriri, 1930 yil fevral. (Faqat frontispiece.)[283] Katta yoshdagi talabalar uchun qo'llanma; qisqa hikoyalarni o'qish, yozish va qadrlash to'g'risida. Unda sinf muhokamasi uchun savollar va mavzular mavjud.
● O'g'il bolalar va qizlar uchun kitob javoni. Klara Uaytxill Xant, etakchi muharriri, 1930-31 va 1931-32 nashrlari. (Faqat chang ko'ylagi.)[284] Bolalar uchun eng yaxshi kitoblar puxta tanlangan. Ta'riflovchi yozuvlari bo'lgan katalog formati. Ota-onalar uchun vakolatli qo'llanma.

Adabiyotlar va eslatmalar

Davomiylik bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar. Izohlar manbalardan keyin keladi. Ular to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'liqdir yoki qo'shimcha ma'lumot beradi. Xuddi shu manba bir necha marta keltirilgan bo'lsa, ushbu modelga rioya qilish qiyinroq bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zan kalit so'zlar qavs ichida, no sahifasidan keyin kiritiladi.

  1. ^ Ossining qishlog'i uchun o'limlar reestri, uning Nyu-Yorkdagi uy manzili yaqin atrofdagi Millvud qishlog'ida edi. 1930 yildagi AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish. Zaxira manbai.
  2. ^ "Times Square". Yuqori aniqlik / sekin yuklash. Nyu-York tarixiy jamiyati. Uilyam D. Xassler (1877-1921) fotosuratlar to'plamidan.
  3. ^ Debyut yili. U 1930 yil boshida ommaviy ravishda joriy qilingan.
  4. ^ a b Sanktsiyalangan turnirlar. Bu vaqt oralig'idagi barcha yillarni o'z ichiga oladi. Ichki zaxira nusxasi (ushbu maqola doirasida). U tennis ishqibozi edi. Bu uni ish bilan ovora bo'lishidan va aksincha, rassom sifatida yuksak cho'qqilarni zabt etishdan saqlaydi.
  5. ^ Erkaklar o'rtasidagi yakkalik bahslari bo'lib o'tdi Germantown kriket klubi 1921–23 yillarda Filadelfiyada. Keyin qaytib keldi O'rmon tepaliklari.
  6. ^ 1932–2019 yillarda (1942–45 yillardan tashqari) The Westchester County Tennis League (Scarsdale, N.Y.) tomonidan har yili o'tkazilgan.
  7. ^ Amerika illyustratsiyasining oltin davri Bernard B. Perlman tomonidan, 1978 p. 7 (muqaddima). Internet arxivi orqali kirish. Amerikalik rassom, Iyun 2006. "Amerika illyustratsiyasining oltin davri" Jon A. Parklar. Davr. R. A. Fox Jamiyati.
  8. ^ Scribner jurnali, 1922 yil iyul 124. Karringtonning "Amerika illyustratsiyasi va reproduktiv san'at". Kirish www.unz.com.
  9. ^ The New York Times, 10 noyabr 1911 y. 11. Obit ustuni. Iqtibos: "U deyarli (yoki shunga o'xshash) amerikalik jurnallar illyustratsiyasining otasi edi.
  10. ^ Rassomlar, reklama va san'at chegaralari Bogart tomonidan, 1995 yil 1-3, 47-55, 78-betlar - Internet arxivi. Ularning bo'yi reklama rassomlari darajasidan biroz yuqoriroq edi. Ko'pchilik ish xavfsizligini ta'minlamagan.
  11. ^ a b Muqova hikoyasi: Amerika jurnalining san'ati 1900-1950 yillarni qamrab oladi Heller & Fili tomonidan, 1996 yil.
  12. ^ a b Klyerkaning kavalkadasi, McArdle tomonidan tahrirlangan (Klyer oxirgi muharrir), 1959-bet xii – xiii.
  13. ^ Scribner jurnali, May 1939 p. 20-21. Kirish www.unz.com. The New York Times, 1974 yil 20-avgust. 38.
  14. ^ a b Scribner jurnali, 1922 yil iyul 126 (www.unz.com saytida).
  15. ^ Ushbu o'n sakkizta tasvirlangan faoliyat, ularning har biri a-da paydo bo'ldi Klyer 1924 yil 2-fevraldan 1927 yil 27-avgustgacha bo'lgan muqovada. Ularning aniq sanalari ushbu maqolada "Magazine cover Illustrator" sarlavhasi ostida birgalikda keltirilgan.
  16. ^ a b "Koller" (6-24). Loc.gov saytiga o'ting. Tanlang: "Fotosuratlar, bosmalar, chizmalar." Kirish: "Barmoqlar uchun to'g'ri pozitsiya." A beginning flutist. He's wearing a sailor suit and red bow.
  17. ^ a b "Collier's" (9-25). American Education in Popular Media, edited by Terzian & Ryan, 2015 p. 74.
  18. ^ a b "Collier's" (8-27). Umumiy. A joyful boy & apprehensive dog, going down a water slide together.
  19. ^ a b v "Collier's" (6-25). Head shot with add-on mustache. He's wearing a derby hat (amid red carnations).
  20. ^ Collier's usually preferred cover art that conveyed plain and simple thoughts, unlike its main rival in the Xabar.
  21. ^ a b v d e f Hard Row to Hoe (literary newsletter), V-9 Fall 2005 pp. 1–3. "Golden Era of the Illustrations," by Joe E. (Edwin) Armstrong in collaboration with Martin's niece Adele. Excerpts: "[The] Fisk Tire advertisement, 'A Time to Retire,' with Adele's brother Walter as a model, was his best known work." The niece recalled visiting the artist on a particular occasion, with her brother and sister: "We climbed the oak stairs to the second floor ... [and] entered a huge bright room ... This was my uncle's studio. ... Although my uncle generally used local models, especially boys, some of our family posed for photographs which would later miraculously turn into paintings. My grandmother was depicted in a Thanksgiving scene basting a turkey ... My brother and I sat for The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls while Uncle Paul took our picture, as we sat on the kitchen table of our own house. My sister modeled for [a] Junior Red Cross poster[]. [S]he posed as well, taking a license number from a boy's homemade car, for hitting her carriage and doll." Grandmother = Mary Willey, née Immler (1854–1937). Sister = Edna. Prose (pp. 2–3). Flickr.
  22. ^ a b Photo Session 1. Umumiy. A model posing for the artist, and its final product. Bu kompozit ichida paydo bo'ldi Shanba kuni kechki xabar of Nov. 22, 1930 on p. 37. Artist signed. The boy, girls, and fridge were photographed separately.
  23. ^ a b Photo Session 2. Umumiy. A model posing for the artist, and its final product. Bu kompozit muqovasida paydo bo'ldi Chet el xizmati in May 1932. Artist signed. The boy is holding a matchbox on a paintbrush stick, in lieu of a flower.
  24. ^ a b v Lavozimlar. Advertising & Selling, Jan. 24, 1920 p. 12. Excerpt: "It is interesting to note that this drawing was made by Paul Martin, who while he was with the O. J. Gude Co., designed the famous Wrigley electric sign showing the dancing 'spear-men,' still on display in New York. Mr. Martin was for seven years art manager of the New York Tribune." This write-up gives him the cover credit. It otherwise would have gone solely to Gotham Studios. (Their insignia is on the cover.) Draft Registration Card, Sep. 1918. Employer: Gude at 220 W. 42nd.
  25. ^ Wrigley's Gem. Printerlarning siyohi har oy, Oct. 1920 pp. 25 (photo), 26 (locale, size). It was located atop the old Putnam Bldg. That site is now occupied by the Paramount Bldg. Printerlar siyohi, weekly, Oct. 18, 1917 p. 25. The lettering was changed for one month, to help sell liberty bonds.
  26. ^ Advertising & Selling, 1917 yil iyun p. 33; Los-Anjeles Evening Herald, Jan. 19, 1920 p. A12 ("fountains play" - "trade mark changes"); Quyosh va Nyu-York Herald, April 29, 1920 p. 6. Bular asosiy manbalar give descriptions of Wrigley's gleaming sign, which was directed toward the masses. Its energetic mascots with green-pointed heads, promoted the chewy gum's healthy aspects.
  27. ^ Simulated Movements. Nyu-York ommaviy kutubxonasi. Raqamli to'plamlar. This photo doesn't capture the entire rooftop sign. Another three sprightly "spearmen" are on the left side. The six of them are doing warm-ups.
  28. ^ Yoritgich. Tasvirlangan dunyo, Mar. 1920 pp. 689–91. It explains the illusion of movement (with light bulbs). The anthropomorphic gymnasts, bubbling fountains and fluttering peacocks, are framed within a vine-like floral design.
  29. ^ Bitta Tayms maydoni by McKendry, 2012 p. 17. A watercolor of the fully animated, moving lights, amusing, attention-grabber. Times Square Spectuacular by Tell, 2007 pp. 75, 78. It's atop an electrical sign, for DeMille's O'n amr.
  30. ^ Panorama. Tashqi reklama (book) by Lippincott, 1923 pp. 85–86. It's called beautiful, fascinating, impressionable.
  31. ^ Mehmonlar. Famous Leaders of Industry, Second Series by Edwin Wildman, 1921 pp. 337–38. New York Tribune, Nov. 10, 1917 p. 1; Kechki yulduz (D.C.), July 17, 1923 p. 6; Turli xillik (NYC), Feb. 7, 1924 p. 18. It operated from 1917-24.
  32. ^ Serving 1. Kanada kutubxonasi va arxivlari. Path: LAC homepage>Search the Collection>Collection Search. Enter: "Serve Your Country, Benefit of War Camp Activities." Size: 11 x 17". Many artists lent their talents to the war effort. He registered for the draft later that year, when the cut-off age was upped from 31 to 45. Serving 2. Umumiy.
  33. ^ "General Summary". What New York Did for Fighting Men: Through New York War Camp Community Service in the World-War of 1917-1919, 1919 pp. 3–4.
  34. ^ It was donated by Bessie Holden in 1965. This is stated within the frame. Quyosh, April 21, 1918 sec. 7 p. 8; July 16, 1918 p. 13. She helped organize the National Tennis Women's War Relief Association. New York Tribune, Sept. 9, 1919 p. 15; June 2, 1920 p. 13; June 16, 1920 p. 13; July 26, 1921 p. 12; Bruklin Daily Eagle, May 23, 1922 p. A2; Sept. 24, 1930 p. 25; The Yonkers Statesman and News, Feb. 27, 1923 p. 10. Holden and Mrs. Martin both played in these tourneys.
  35. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, O&W1. Dec. 11, 1921 p. D23; Dec. 7, 1924 p. 41-resorts ("Off"); Dec. 20, 1921 p. B5; O&W2. Dec. 17, 1922 p. H40; Dec. 16, 1923 p. 33-R ("Coasting"); Jan. 8 & 15, 1922 p. F12 ("Let's Go"). New York Tribune, O&W3. Dec. 18, 1921 pt. 3 p. 5 ("Sport"); Jan. 8, 1922 pt. 3 p. 3 ("Let's Go"); Jan. 22, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6; Dec. 3, 1922 pt. 4 p. 5 ("Coasting"); O&W4. Jan. 29, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6 ("Trail"). Nyu-York Herald, Dec. 18, 1921 sec. 3 p. 15 ("Coasting"); Jan. 15, 1922 sec. 3 p. 11 ("Trail"); Jan. 29, 1922 sec. 3 p. 3 ("Sport"); O&W5. Dec. 10, 1922 sec. 6 p. 6 ("Let's Go"); Dec. 17, 1922 sec. 6 p. 6 ("Off"). The New York Times, Feb. 4, 1923 p. 12-resorts ("Off"); Dec. 9, 1923 p. 7-resorts; Jan. 25, 1925 p. 14-R; Dec. 6, 1925 p. 19-R ("Coasting"). All are artist signed. ("Sport" is signed in the image's lower-left corner.)
  36. ^ Xonimlar uyi jurnali, May 1927 p. 71. "I Know Beans."
  37. ^ Youth Volunteers1. Nebraska shtati tarixiy jamiyati. Newport (R.I.) Mercury and Weekly News, Sept. 6, 1929 p. 5. Heading: "New Junior Red Cross Poster Designed by Paul Martin, Beautiful and Inspiring."
  38. ^ a b Youth Volunteers2. Bangor (Maine) Public Library, Digital Commons@bpl. His niece Edna is pictured second from top right. It's signed in the globe's lower right.
  39. ^ Titled: "I don't care, I'm strong." He's wearing a leather helmet, while playing football. She's applying a bandage, and telling him to be more careful. The girl in real life was the boy's Aunt Helen, an older teenager. They went together to this photo session, from their home to the Martins. U yurdi u yoqqa, while her young nephew rode a two-wheeled scooter. He traveled/pedaled alone, to all other shoots. Hujjatlar. Flickr. (Backs up the year.)
  40. ^ Weight Gain. A boy standing on a weighing scale. He says to his haqiqiy hayot aunt, "You can't call me Skinny now!" They also posed for another painting for H-O Oats (pictured top left), during this photo shoot Thumb Pointing. Advertising Outdoors, November 1931 p. 35. "Overflowing pep and energy is expressed ... ." Martin's signature was erased by McCandlish Litho, in the latter. One of their artists then hand copied the original, on a much larger scale. Also on a special surface. This near-exact replica was used to make the prints.
  41. ^ Erta ko'tarilgan. Umumiy. A boy leaping out of bed, saying, "Coming mother...I'm hungry."
  42. ^ Their display period was short-lived, since company salesmen continually pushed for their products to be highlighted. This approach existed in the era before food brokers and paid contracts. Many store owners would not allow ads to hang from overhead wires. This was due to their cluttered appearance.
  43. ^ Ade 1. Shanba kuni kechki xabar, July 26, 1930 p. 43.
  44. ^ Ade 2. Nebraska shtati tarixiy jamiyati. Select: "Keyword Search." Enter: "Silent Hostess."
  45. ^ Mags, 1930: Silent Hostess, vol. 2 yo'q. 5, p. inside cover; Xabar, July 26 p. 43; Amerika jurnali, Aug. p. 124; San'at va bezatish, Aug. p. 15; Collier's, Aug. 16 p. 27; Mamlakat hayoti (Garden City, N.Y.), Aug. p. 75; Xonimlar uyi jurnali, Aug. p. 70. New York dailies, 1930: Auburn fuqarosi, July 31 p. 8; Friendship Register, July 24 p. 7; Herald-Mail (Fairport), July 24 p. 10; Orleans Republican, July 23 p. 3; Standard Holley, July 24 p. 5; St. Lawrence (County) Plaindealer, July 15 p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  46. ^ Printerlar siyohi, weekly, Sept. 18, 1930 pp. 130–32. "What Constitutes a Story Illustration?" by W. Livingston Larned.
  47. ^ O'yin vaqti. Shanba kuni kechki xabar, Oct. 25, 1930 p. 34.
  48. ^ Mags: Silent Hostess, 1930 vol. 2 yo'q. 7, p. inside cover; Shanba kuni kechki xabar, Nov. 22, 1930 p. 37. Book: Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920-1940 by Marchand, 1985 p. 271. Newspapers, 1930: Alexandria Times-Tribune, Nov. 20 p. 6; Kanyon yangiliklari (Tex.), Nov. 13 p. 16; Coshocton Tribune (Ohio), Nov. 20 p. 9; Kechki jurnal (Del.), Nov. 26 p. 4; Kechki quyosh (Hanover, Pa.), Nov. 30 p. 3; Friendship Register, Nov. 20 p. 4; Independent and Times (New Paltz, N.Y.), Nov. 21; Indiana Evening Gazette, Nov. 20 p. 13; Jamestown Evening News (N.Y.), Nov. 13 p. 15; Ludington Daily News, Aug. 13 p. 7; Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pa.), Nov. 20 p. 16; Patriot and Free Press, Nov. 20 p. 9; Pomona Progress Bulletin, Nov. 18 sec. 2018-04-02 121 2 p. 4; Respublika qo'riqchisi, Nov. 14 p. 3; Silver Creek News, Nov. 20 p. 6; Van Wert Times byulleteni, Nov. 20 p. 8; Wilmington News-Journal (Ohio), Nov. 27 p. 2. Kids playing grown-ups.
  49. ^ "Mukofot" (PDF). The Pelham Sun, March 13, 1931 p. 7.
  50. ^ a b v Citizen Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), March 19, 1932 p. 1 (PDF). Excerpts: "An art enthusiast from his boyhood ... He studied commercial art at the Academy of Design ... Mr. Martin gained a national reputation when he designed the automobile tire advertisement, 'Time to Re-tire' ... He has won several art prizes, including an award last year for drawing the best poster symbolizing the Girl Scout movement. ... Member of the Artists' Guild. He was also a member of the County [Tennis] Club of Westchester and of the Scarsdale Badminton Club." The Martins enjoyed playing sports together.
  51. ^ Girl Scout Collector's Guide by Degenhardt & Kirsch, 1987 pp. 163 (color poster), 215 (contest winning). Sizes = 17 x 22" & 7 x 9.25". The book was revised in 2005.
  52. ^ "Ittifoq". Amerika san'ati yillik tomonidan Amerika san'at federatsiyasi, 1921 vol. 17 p. 174. They often held competitions, demonstrations and exhibitions.
  53. ^ Nyu-York Evening Post, Feb. 21, 1931 p. D5 (200–300).
  54. ^ a b "Poster Campaign of Girl Scouts". Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jan. 21, 1931 p. 7. Gibson was on the original (not final) judging panel.
  55. ^ a b v "Girl Scout Notes" (PDF). The Pelham Sun, Feb. 27, 1931 p. 9. Accessed via fultonhistory.com.
  56. ^ "Resident Model" (PDF). The Yonkers Statesman, Nov. 6, 1931 p. 20; Citizen Sentinel, Nov. 9, 1931 p. 9.
  57. ^ "Twenty-Five Years Ago" (PDF).The Yonkers Statesman, June 1, 1929 p. 6 (best man). It was held at the bride's family home, on Riverside Ave. (then more commonly known as Dr.) in Manhattan, NYC.
  58. ^ Citizen Sentinel, Feb. 19, 1931 p. 8 (PDF); Dobbs parom reestri, March 13, 1931 p. 11; Daily Plainsman, March 14, 1931 p. 7 (Martin–Schain picture, exchange). The first is an unobstructed, full-length pose. It was taken at a slightly different angle. Accessed via fultonhistory.com.
  59. ^ Belgi. A change request is initiated by Gilchriese.
  60. ^ Girl Scout Collector's Guide by Degenhardt & Kirsch, 1987 p. 215. The two catalog dates were verified, by viewing the actual covers. The dates given to them here, are slightly off.
  61. ^ Citizen Sentinel, Feb. 17, 1931 p. 6; Jamestown Evening Journal, Feb. 26, 1931 p. 15; Lockport Union-Sun & Journal, Feb. 21, 1931 p. 4 (quote). The first left out the words "happy and." Orqali kirish fultonhistory.com.
  62. ^ Title Leaves for 1932 Line (salesman's sample catalog). This image first showed up on its calendars, ink blotter cards (3.5 x 6" with pink backs) and prints in 1931.
  63. ^ Title Leaves for 1933 Line (salesman's catalog). This image first appeared on the cover of Ota-onalar magazine in Oct. 1930. Ota-onalar sold the rights to Gerlach Barklow. One of their artists titled it "Oh Yeah!," and changed the text portion.
  64. ^ Advertising & Selling, Jan. 24, 1920. Pencil sketch of an executive with Deere & Company (details on p. 12). Magazine's lifespan: 1909-24. It was formed through a merger.
  65. ^ Ta'mirlash. Good Hardware, Oct. 1930 (man fixing clock). Published by Strevell-Paterson Hardware Co., Salt Lake City.
  66. ^ "Cover Design". Progressive Grocer, Sept. 1922 vol. 1 yo'q. 9 (talking on the phone) & Nov. 1922 vol. 1 yo'q. 11 (weighing a turkey). Credits for them are on pp. 5 & 5. The covers are visible by scrolling nearly all the way down to pp. 113 & 117.
  67. ^ Silent Hostess by General Electric, 1930 vol. 2 yo'q. 4 (eating an apple); 1931 vol. 3 yo'q. 4 (flexing muscles); 1931 vol. 3 yo'q. 7 (blowing up a football). Mag's lifespan: 1930–32. Its key purpose was to promote the innovative "Monitor Top" refrigerator.
  68. ^ Daily Bulletin (Endicott, N.Y.), Oct. 12, 1956 p. 5. Heading: "Reynolds Named Magazine Editor." The appt. took effect on Nov. 1. Accessed via nyshistoricnewspapers.org.
  69. ^ Advertising & Selling, Jan. 24, 1920. Those two are only predated by this imzosiz qopqoq (The "artist credit" is on p. 12). Progressive Grocer (1922–). It's dedicated to helping the independent operators.
  70. ^ Martin's signature is within every artwork mentioned in this article. However, there are others unsigned by him, which would be difficult or impossible to prove as credits. Misol: Collier's, March 22, 1930 p. 56. A young neighbor, William Everett Orser (1919–2016), posed for him as the Gollandiyalik bola. But no proof, as the signature was removed. His paintings turned into outdoor displays were not salvageable. Their scaled-down counterparts in grocery markets were typically discarded. Hence, even pics of them likely don't exist, unless featured in a trade mag.
  71. ^ Daily Argus, Dec. 3, 1921, tortishish Bo'lim. He signed a contract earlier that year, to design greeting cards for Uilyam Edvin Rudj. Its printing plant was located in Mount Vernon, N.Y. Accessed via fultonhistory. "Bide-A-Wee". Umumiy.
  72. ^ Parad. Altoona (Pa.) Tribune, May 21, 1932 p. 5; O'g'il bolalar hayoti, May 1932 p. 52; May 1933 p. 30; Brownsville (Tex.) Herald, May 17, 1933 p. 2; Medford (Ore.) Mail Tribune, May 21, 1933 p. 4; San Bernardino Daily Sun, May 22, 1933 p. 3; Kaliforniyalik Beykerfild, May 23, 1933 p. 7; O'g'il bolalar hayoti, May 1934 p. 44. These are examples of its appearance in print.
  73. ^ For clarity: The original was sold to Ota-onalar in March 1930. This is based on Mrs. Martin's notes. Also, the model only posed for him from 1930–31. (See Ref. 272.) It went unused, and so was sold by Ota-onalar to American Litho, and from there to the Veterans of Foreign Wars. This artwork was turned into a poster, and then magazine cover in spring 1932.
  74. ^ O'g'il bolalar hayoti, May 1932 p. 52 (poster). Chet el xizmati, May 1932 (cover). Print debuts. Mulkchilik. He helped convert it into a poster, by making some slight adjustments.
  75. ^ Chet el xizmati, May 1932 pp. 10, 26 (quote).
  76. ^ "Wear a Buddy Poppy". O'g'il bolalar hayoti, May 1932 p. 52. A black-and-white version of the poster. Artist signed. The silky flowers were made by disabled and needy veterans. Proceeds from its sales, provided relief to veterans and their dependents.
  77. ^ Fisk Tires brochure, 1901. Size: 4.5 x 6.5". 12 pp. This handout gives the details, prices, sizes and weights; on its automobile, bicycle and carriage tires.
  78. ^ Our County and its People: A History of Hampden County, Massachusetts. Copeland, lead editor, 1902 vol. 3 p. 504. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  79. ^ Avtomobil mavzulari (trade magazine), September 24, 1921 p. 443. That total was a record monthly output for 1921.
  80. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company by Babcock, 1966 p. 278. Excerpt: "As the depressiya deepened, net sales of the company plummeted." It forced them to severely cut back on advertising. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  81. ^ Nyu-York Quyoshi, January 19, 1940 p. 31. Heading: "Transfer Fisk Assets to U.S."
  82. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company by Babcock, 1966 pp. 97 (AKA), 410–11 (name). The stockholders voted for the change on 4-19-1966, p.xv. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  83. ^ The deal was struck Sept. 1989. Finalized May 1990.
  84. ^ Gazeta Telegraph (Colo.), June 27, 1965 p. 4E; Tennessi, Sept. 15, 1966 p. 69; Nevada shtati jurnali, Dec. 8, 1966 p. 25; Poughkeepsie jurnali, Aug. 30, 1977 p. 17; Beckley (W.Va.) Post-Herald, Nov. 17, 1977 p. 21; Sharlotta yangiliklari, March 1, 1978 p. 2C.
  85. ^ Shinalar biznesi (trade mag), July 6, 1998 (starting 1996); Dec. 19, 2013 (still in production). Accessed via tirebusiness.com.
  86. ^ America A to Z tomonidan Reader Digest, 1997 pp. 364–65. It's listed as one of eleven iconic trademarks – via Internet Archive.
  87. ^ Logo, Font & Lettering Bible by Cabarga, 2004 p. 16. The boy's hair got lighter, as the years went on.
  88. ^ a b San-Fransiskoga qo'ng'iroq, April 30, 1911 p. 44; Oakland Tribune, May 7, 1911 p. 37; Hayot, August 17, 1911 p. 276; Amerikadagi qishloq hayoti, April 15, 1912 p. 86; Collier's, April 20, 1912 p. 30; Dvigatel, April 1912 p. 26. These are among the earliest appearances of the advertising character in print. However, it clearly showed up on mailing postcards in 1910.
  89. ^ a b Dastlabki tarix. Printerlar siyohi, weekly, Dec. 26, 1912 p. 78. "Development of 'Fisk Boy' as Trade Figure." The sleepy-eyed character was created in 1910. It showed up that year on lithographs, posters and then one-cent postcards. The latter have periodically showed up on the collector's market. They were postmarked in either late-1910, 11 or 12.
  90. ^ a b The Poster, Nov. 1913 p. 55. "Why the Fisk Rubber Company Uses Posters," by their advertising manager M. G. (Mabel Garetta) Webber. Excerpt: "He appeared first in 1910." Accessed via books.google.com.
  91. ^ Shanba kuni kechki xabar, Jan. 12, 1929 p. 78 (print debut).
  92. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company by Babcock, 1966 p. 317. Mgmt. decided on the facial alteration in 1928.
  93. ^ Shanba kuni kechki xabar, Feb. 8, 1930 p. 106 (print debut). Talab. Rasmiy gazeta, July 1930 vol. 396 p. 730.
  94. ^ a b Muharriri va noshiri, March 22, 1947 p. 36. Martin's contributions to "Master PJlar " are indirectly mentioned. Excerpt: "At one time, they put him in a modern suit of pajamas, made him a little older." This source states the boy was created taxminan 1907. It's very unlikely the trademark was created three years before debuting. A more likely estimate would be 1909 or 10. Printerlar siyohi, weekly, Dec. 26, 1912 p. 78; The Poster (mag), Nov. 1913 p. 55. These very early sources claim the boy was created in 1910.
  95. ^ Daily Argus (Mount Vernon, N.Y.), July 11, 1927 p. 1 (PDF). "Local Couple Wedded [50] Yrs." This article mentions the Martins, their nieces Adele and Edna, and nephew Walter. It's a rare tie-in, between the artist and three kids who posed for him. Accessed via fultonhistory.com.
  96. ^ Chattanooga Times, May 4, 1930 p. 48; Yangi. Nashvil banner, May 11, 1930 sec. 3 p. 2; Xartford Courant, June 8, 1930 p. C7; Modesto News-Herald, June 14, 1930 p. 13 (cites as its source, distributor James Mortensen); Pitsburg Press, June 15, 1930 sec. autos p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  97. ^ a b Printerlar siyohi, weekly, March 27, 1930 pp. 10, 12 (quote by R. G. Bath). "Don't Be Afraid to Improve Your Trade-Mark: Even the Long-Famous Time to Re-tire Boy Has Been Modernized." The boy's three stages are pictured and reviewed. Bu juda kam asosiy manba on the third and final stage.
  98. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company: A Case Study in Corporation Management by Babcock, 1966 p. 317 (quote).
  99. ^ Shanba kuni kechki xabar, Feb. 8 p. 106; March 8 p. 76; April 5 p. 107; May 3 p. 69; May 10 p. 128; May 24 p. 61; June 7 p. 67; June 21 p. 89; June 28 p. 87; July 5 p. 69; July 26 p. 91; Aug. 23 p. 38. All twelve issues are from 1930.
  100. ^ His signature appears with the trade character in three of these twelve issues. As follows: March 8, 1930 p. 76 (plain backdrop); July 26, 1930 p. 91 (purple backdrop); Aug. 23, 1930 p. 38 (blue backdrop).
  101. ^ Shanba kuni kechki xabar, Mar. 8, 1930 p. 77 (free coupon).
  102. ^ His credits include all images of the boy wearing two-piece pajamas. This was the company's logo from 1930–34.
  103. ^ Kitoblar. Umumiy. Softcovers. Size: 5.75 x 7.25".
  104. ^ Kuldon. Umumiy. Diameter 6.75". Height 1.25".
  105. ^ Score Pad. Umumiy. A Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington is on the cover. Size: 4 x 6.5".
  106. ^ They came with elastic holding straps on both inside ends.
  107. ^ Soat. Umumiy. They were circular in shape, with a rubber tire around the rim. Tamonidan qilingan Telechron. Diameter 5.5".
  108. ^ Design No. 1 - The Fisk Trade Mark Boy. (Martin's signature is next to the boy's left heel.) Design No. 2 - Elephant and Mouse. Design No. 3 - Checker Players. Design No. 4 - The Shadow. Design No. 5 - Baseball. The last four feature an old Reginald Bolles, J. F. Kernan or Thrasher rasm. Also, a large sign of the revamped agent, in the background.
  109. ^ Jumboq. Umumiy. Die-cut cardboard. Size: 8.625 x 11". Set of five.
  110. ^ It showed up on Diamond Quality, Pull Quick, & Universal Match Corporation covers. The first two were made by the Diamond Match Co. of N.Y. The Pull Quicks had ten wooden sticks, which were ignited by quickly pulling them out.
  111. ^ Titled: "Coming and Going," with an Army/Navy theme and NRA (Milliy qutqarish ma'muriyati ) logo. That helps date it to 1933 or 34. Size: 28 x 39".
  112. ^ The mascot and words "Air Cushion" & "Fisk." This was a self-repair product. It came in various sizes, incl. a 10-11".
  113. ^ "Maxsus". New Oxford (Pa.) Item, April 13, 1933 p. 3; April 20, 1933 p. 2; Kechki quyosh (Hanover, Pa.), April 11, 1933 p. 7; Gazeta va Daily (York, Pa.), April 11, 1933 p. 4. Ad: "During this tire sale, we will give absolutely free, one Fisk jig-saw puzzle with every tire sold."
  114. ^ Klassikalar. Waterloo (Iowa) Courier, July 8, 1934 p. 13. Morristown (Tenn.) Gazette and Mail, May 30, 1934 p. 3. "Just sign the coupon below and bring it to our station. The book is absolutely free!" Greenwood (Miss.) Commonwealth, June 8, 1934 p. 2; Belleville (Kan.) Telescope, June 28, 1934 p. 3; Osage County News (Pawhuka, Okla), Oct. 26, 1934 p. 7.
  115. ^ Super-Service Data Book, 1933. Size: 6.25 x 3.75". 32 pp. It gives the specs on rims and tires, for various car models.
  116. ^ Bular edi dekallar that stuck onto the inside of windows.
  117. ^ Other variations: 1. Trademark character on both sides, with phrase on back "Time to Retire / Get a Fisk." 2. Character on the front, with phrase "Air-Flight Principle Tires by Fisk."
  118. ^ Milliy neft yangiliklari, Feb. 19, 1930 p. 120; O'g'il bolalar hayoti, May 1932 p. 43; June 1932 p. 53; July 1932 p. 45; Sept. 1933 p. 28; "All the World". Dec. 1933 p. 42; April 1934 p. 28; May 1934 p. 30; June 1934 p. 42; Dec. 1934 p. 55; Amerikalik bola, Dec. 1933. These tire ads are for bicycles.
  119. ^ "Air-Flight Principle" (PDF). Gazette & Farmers' Journal, April 17, 1930 p. 3; Cayuga boshlig'i, April 4, 1930 p. 3; Bruklin Daily Eagle, April 10, 1930 p. 10; April 17, 1930 p. 15; Nyu-York Quyoshi, May 8, 1930 p. 47; Waterville Times, May 8, 1930 p. 6; The Newark (N.Y.) Courier, June 12, 1930 p. 6; San-Xose oqshomidagi yangiliklar, July 11, 1930 p. 13; Skaneateles Free Press, July 17, 1930 p. 6; Binghamton (N.Y.) Press, April 23, 1931 p. 19; Van Nuys (Ca.) News, Aug. 6, 1931 p. 7; Dansvil shabada, Jan. 21 & 23, 1932 p. 3; Buffalo Courier-Express, Jan. 4, 1932 p. 6; Medina Daily Journal, May 11, 1933 p. 5; June 29, 1933 p. 5; Kechki yangiliklar (Harrisburg, Pa.), July 19, 1933 p. 16; Schenectady gazetasi, May 25, 1934 p. 32; Plattsburgh Daily Press, July 6, 1934 p. 8; July 7 & 19, 1934 p. 5; Aug. 14, 1934 p. 8. Fisk dramatically cut back on advertising after 1930. This was because of the deepening Great Depression. It forced most of their franchise dealers out of business.
  120. ^ The Hogan Handbook, Fisk-Federal-Badger Tire Catalog, Thomas E. Hogan Inc., 1935 pp. 35–36. The original "Fisk Boy" did not appear in mag ads from 1930–36. However, it started showing up on various advertising materials in 1935.
  121. ^ Printerlar siyohi, weekly, Jan. 1, 1920 69-72 betlar (public over experts). "Be Cautious When..." by Harvey O. Lennin.
  122. ^ Norman Rokvell ensiklopediyasi by Moline, 1979 pp. 144–46, 149, 156–57, 161, 167–68, 172, 183–84 – via Internet Archive.
  123. ^ "Master Pajamas" lost its luster over time. Nonetheless, the trade character continued to show up on boxes and cans of auto parts into the 1970s. For instance: air filters, antifreeze, brake fluid, headlamps, motor tune-ups, oil filters, shock absorbers, spark plugs and tire cleaners. It has since then appeared on Franklin Mint collectibles, Lionel boxcars, and the label stickers for Fisk Classic tires.
  124. ^ Tabassum, darn, Ya, tabassum! Cartoon short, Sept. 1931. Foxy notices the new look, after the 3:15 mark.
  125. ^ "Atlantic City Exhibit". Filadelfiya tergovchisi, Oct. 13, 1929 p. 4B. "PM has also specialized in children's interest."
  126. ^ Norman Rockwell, my Adventures as an Illustrator, 1960 p. 118. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  127. ^ Nyu-York Press, December 13, 1890 p. 2. His father was an associate with "Peck, Martin & Co." They dealt in building materials (especially bricks). Excerpt: "Mr. Martin, who had been employed as a bookkeeper by the firm for twelve years, was admitted as a partner February 1, 1882."
  128. ^ "Materiallar". Ko'chmas mulkni rekord va quruvchilar uchun qo'llanma, Jan. 5, 1884 p. 24-vi. Ar-ge, Feb. 7, 1891 p. 199 ("Martin & Co.").
  129. ^ Census of 1880. Search under "Robt. C." Census of 1900 & 1910. They had nine children (six still living). Nyu-York Herald, Nov. 5, 1864 p. 3. His parents were married in 1864. Nyu-York Herald, July 30, 1917 p. 4; New York Tribune, July 30, 1917 p. 7. Robert's obit notices. He was survived by Hannah, five sons and one daughter. The funeral service was held at Calvary M. E. Church in Manhattan, at 129th St. and 7th Ave. The New York Times, Sept. 21, 1919 p. 22. Hannah's obit.
  130. ^ Quyosh, July 17, 1891 p. 5. His sister Theresa, died at thirteen months. Kechki dunyo, June 20, 1893 p. 7. His sister Hannah Louisa, died at 16. Their funeral services were held at the family home, on Edgecombe Ave. Accessed via Chronicling America (using keywords "Hannah A. Martin").
  131. ^ Census of 1880 (under abbreviated name "Robt. C."); Nyu-York va Nyu-Jersi telefon kompaniyasi (Directory), 1888 sec. NYC p. 81; Trow's New York City Directory, 1890 p. 835. They lived near the future site of Penn stantsiyasi.
  132. ^ Quyosh, Dec. 13, 1890 p. 8. "Real Estate Transfers." Locale: east side (of street), N of 138th. Trow's New York City Directory, 1891 p. 912; 1892 p. 948; 1893 yil p. 931; 1894 p. 931; 1896 yil p. 966; 1897 p. 863. Home: Edgecombe Ave. Their address is listed under Robert F (son of Robert C) for 1896 & 97.
  133. ^ Census of 1880. The family lived on 31st St. Census of 1900. They lived on 129th St.
  134. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1899 p. 846. They lived on 129th St.
  135. ^ Minutes of the New York Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, edited by Adams & Strobridge, 1884 p. 74. The father is listed as a church official.
  136. ^ Comprehensive Church Record of the Twenty-fourth Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 1877. This book was viewed by an archivist with the New York Conference, United Methodist Church (White Plains, N.Y.). Department: Archives and History. The Martins and their two oldest sons are listed as members.
  137. ^ "Saylangan". Report of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1893 p. 5. They joined Calvary, upon moving to Edgecombe Ave. Path: HathiTrust.org>enter above title in quotes>select "Report v. 21-30."
  138. ^ Nyu-York Herald, July 30, 1917 p. 4 (PDF, supt. at both). The family switched churches, due to their residential relocation (Chelsea to Harlem neighborhood ). Calvary moved to the West Bronx in 1923. Its asl cherkov (built 1887) was designated as a historic landmark in 2016.
  139. ^ The Metropolitan Church and Choir Directory of New York and Brooklyn, 1888 p. 56. (Title: Supt. S. S.) New vs. Old. The Sunday School Journal, tahrirlangan Genri Meyer, Jan. 1918 pp. 8, 9 – via HathiTrust. He gives a Bible lesson.
  140. ^ Census of 1900. Section: June 9. The teen just turned 17.
  141. ^ Summer only 1906. He took classes in Antique (drawing from plaster casts), Illustration (taught by Charles Louis Hinton), and Life (drawing live models). These dates & details were supplied by the Academy's archive department. American Art Annual 1903-1904, tahrirlangan Levi, p. 288; 1905-1906 p. 304 (backup sources). Hinton was then their only instructor in illustration.
  142. ^ The school was then located at West 109th St. and Amsterdam Ave. in NYC. He continued to live at home, during that time. This was with immediate & extended family, on 129th St. His residency was verified by the school's archive dept.
  143. ^ The New York Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7. Excerpt: "He studied at the National Academy of Design."
  144. ^ U.S. Census of 1910. "Manager / Art Dept. Daily Paper." Directory of the Oranges (N.J.), Price & Lee Co., 1910 p. 400 (PDF) "Mgr. NY"; 1912 yil p. 429 (PDF) "Mgr. NY." Fourth Estate: A Weekly Newspaper for Publishers ... , edited by Birmingham, Dec. 10, 1904 p. 9 (Horgan).
  145. ^ U.S. Census of 1910. His household, occupation and residence are listed. Nyu-York Herald, July 7, 1912 p. 15; July 21, 1912 p. 15. He played in inter-club tennis tourneys (singles & doubles), as a member of the Maplewood Field Club.
  146. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1907 vol. CXXI p. 1063 (home: 129th St.); 1908 vol. CXXII p. 928 (home: Orange, N.J.). Maplewood was then a section of South Orange. Search under "Robt. C."
  147. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1909 p. 937. Robert Martin's occupation (building materials) and residence (Maplewood) are listed.
  148. ^ They lived on Ridgewood Terrace. Maplewood Methodist (now Morrow Memorial UMC ) was on Ridgewood Rd. Medison Burgut, Aug. 20, 1915 p. 1. Its pastor was Dr. Wallace B. Fleming, 1904-11. He was head of W.Va. Wesleyan College, 1915–22.
  149. ^ a b It's verified through the name-pairing, in the following sources as a whole. The New York Times, Sept. 15, 1909 p. 9; New York Tribune, Sept. 15, 1909 p. 8; Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 98-99 betlar. He played singles and doubles (with H. N. Balch), in the New Jersey State Championship at Morristown. Spalding, 1910 p. 181. Also in the Nyack Country Club tournament. NY Tribune, June 3, 1910 p. 9 (partners again). Spalding, 1913 p. 64. Harry Balch and Martin formed a tandem in South Orange, N.J. Nyu-York Herald, 1912 yil 7-iyul, 15-bet; 1912 yil 21-iyul p. 15. Ular Maplewood Field Club-da klubdoshlari va juftlik sheriklari edilar. 1910 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish. Ikkalasi ham bir-biridan bir necha uy narida yashaydigan qo'shnilar edi.
  150. ^ "Ko'p o'yinchilar chiqib ketishdi". New York Tribune, 1910 yil 17-may p. 9; 1910 yil 20 va 29 may. 8; 1910 yil 2-iyun p. 9; 1910 yil 21-iyun p. 9; 1910 yil 28 iyun va 1 iyul. 9; Quyosh, 1911 yil 29-may p. 4; 1911 yil 31-may p. 9; 1911 yil 12-avgust p. 7; 1911 yil 14-avgust p. 9. U 1910–11 yillarda ko'plab turnirlarda qatnashgan. Quyosh, 1913 yil 7-avgust p. 9; New York Tribune, 1914 yil 17-may pt. 2 p. 6. Martinning ushbu davrdagi ozg'in yillari 1912–14 yillarni o'z ichiga olgan. NY Tribune, 1915 yil 6-iyul p. 15; Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1915 yil 16-avgust sek. 2 p. 4. Uning o'yini 1915 yilga kelib yuqori darajaga ko'tarildi. New York Tribune, 1918 yil 22-dekabr pt. 2 p. 7; Spaldingning maysazorda tennis bo'yicha yillik musobaqasi, 1919 yil 177, 181-betlar. U 1918 yilda birinchi marta milliy darajaga ko'tarilgan (91-sonda). 1917 yilgi urush yilida reytinglar bo'lmagan.
  151. ^ Karta. Ularning to'y e'lon kartasida sana va joy 1912 yil 27 sentyabrda Nyu-Yorkda ko'rsatilgan. Nyu-Jersi, United Methodist Church Records, 1800-1970 yillar. U 1912 yil 27 sentyabrda Xoboken shahrida o'zgartirilgan. 1930 yilgi NJ aholini ro'yxatga olish. Ularning nikohdagi yoshi belgilangan, ammo Bosh vazir bir yilga yopiq.
  152. ^ 1900 yilgi AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish. Uilleylar yashagan Markaziy Harlem (W. 119-chi avliyo), asr o'tib ketganidek. Uning ota-onasi Meri Immler (1854-1937) va Jeykob Uilli (1849-1939) edi. Daily Argus (Vernon tog'i, N.Y.), 1937 yil 2-avgust p. 2; The New York Times, 1939 yil 27-iyul. 19. Ularning o'lim joylari. Lauretta metodist sifatida tarbiyalangan. Martins va Uilleylar ikkalasi ham o'sha paytda nomlangan Kalvariya metodistlari episkopal cherkoviga tashrif buyurishdi.
  153. ^ Uning xususiyati eski kitoblarni qayta nashr etish edi. Uolter tasodifan bir xil familiyaga ega bo'lgan kishidan ish olib borgan va keyinchalik kompaniyani egallagan. 1910 yildagi AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish; 1915 yildagi Nyu-York shtati aholini ro'yxatga olish; 1925 yildagi Nyu-York shtat aholini ro'yxatga olish. U ketma-ketlikda, nashriyot kompaniyasining buxgalteri sifatida ro'yxatga olingan ... ofis xodimi ... noshiri Yangi Rochelle. 1910 va 1930 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish. Emma davlat maktablarida uzoq yillik o'qituvchi edi.
  154. ^ Trowning Manxetten va Bronks tumanlarining umumiy ma'lumotnomasi, 1913 p. 812; 1915 p. 1258. Ular Loring Pl-da yashagan.
  155. ^ 1915 yildagi Nyu-York shtati aholini ro'yxatga olish; 1920 yildagi AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish; 1925 yil 15-avgustda Nyu-York shtatidagi Vestchester okrugi. Ushbu uch kishi o'zlarining manzillarini Endryus prospektida berishadi. Ular AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish ma'lumotlariga ko'ra ijarachilar edi.
  156. ^ Manxetten va Bronks tumanlarini qamrab olgan Nyu-York shahrining umumiy ma'lumotnomasini joylashtiring, 1916 yil aprel p. 1140. Ular Endryu prospektida yashaganlar (Kasb: rassom.)
  157. ^ Kesh. Martin Gude xodimi sifatida 1914 yilda xonimga xat yozadi. Uning badiiy ijodi deyarli har doim kompaniyaga nasib etgan.
  158. ^ Reklama va sotish, 1920 yil 24-yanvar p. 12. Endi u Gotham Studios-da ishlaydi va qopqoq uchun kredit beradi. Martin ilgari O. J. Gude Co.da (aytilganidek) ishlagan. Books.google.com orqali kirish. FamilySearch.org. Izlash> Yozuvlar. Ro'yxatdan o'tish kartasining loyihasi, 1918 yil sentyabr. U keyinchalik Gude uchun ishlagan. Bu vaqt oralig'ini o'rnatishga yordam berdi.
  159. ^ Masal. Printerlar siyohi, haftalik, 1920 yil 11 mart p. 72. U tortdi qadimgi yunoncha Gotam studiyasida ishlayotganda, faylasuf Empedokl. U yuqori o'ng tomonga yozilgan.
  160. ^ 1920 yilgi AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish. U G'arbiy Bronksda yashagan va tashqi reklama bilan shug'ullangan.
  161. ^ "Xodimlar". Reklama va sotish, 1920 yil 10-yanvar. 48.
  162. ^ "Gildiya". Printerlarning siyohi har oy, 1920 yil p. 97; 1921 yil yanvar p. 97. Ommaviy debyut. U avval a'zo sifatida ro'yxatga olingan, ikkinchisida.
  163. ^ Vestchester okrugi kotibi idorasi. Ular Martinsning Millvuddagi ikki qavatli uyidagi mulk yozuvlarini taqdim etishdi.
  164. ^ "Kottec Tor". Umumiy. Martin ularning uyini chizgan.
  165. ^ Rekvizitlarga kepkalar, kurtkalar, formalar, bo'yinbog ', pijamalar, ko'ylaklar, sport anjomlari, sviterlar kiritilgan. Ular ba'zan bir nechta rasmlarda paydo bo'lgan. Martinning jiyani Adel qorong'i xonani, chizilgan taxtani, materiallar va aksessuarlarni yozgan inshoda esladi. Bu maqola uchun edi Teshikka qadar qattiq qator, 2005 yil kuzi 1-3 betlar (lekin uni bosmadan chiqara olmagan). Nasr (2-3 bet).
  166. ^ Oyna. Old tomondan o'lchamaslik kerak. Shunday qilib, ehtimol N tomonida ham xuddi shunday bo'lishi mumkin. Shunga qaramay, u umumiy tartibni ko'rsatadi.
  167. ^ a b Qovurilgan pech. Asosiy kursni tayyorlash.
  168. ^ Spalding Tennis yillik, 1924 p. 97 ('23 uchun eng yaxshi yigirma); 1925 p. 92 ("24" uchun eng yaxshi yigirma). U 1923–24 yillarda o'spirinlar safida bo'lgan.
  169. ^ The New York Times, 1920 yil 13-noyabr. 12. Metro futbolchilari birinchi marta rasman 1920 yilda reytingga ega bo'lishgan. Rayt va Ditson rasmiy ravishda qabul qilingan maysazorda tennis bo'yicha qo'llanma, 1921 p. 109.
  170. ^ The New York Times, 5-dekabr, 1920 soniya 9 p. 2 (18 dan 31 gacha); 8-yanvar, 1922 soniya 9 p. 1 (eng yaxshi 30); 1923 yil 14-yanvar 1 ball. 2 p. 1 (eng yaxshi 30); 1923 yil 11-dekabr p. 24 (PDF, top 20); 1925 yil 25-yanvar. 4S (eng yaxshi 20); Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1925 yil 25-yanvar. 6D (yuqori 20); 1925 yil 27-dekabr p. C3 (yuqori 25).
  171. ^ New York Tribune, 1919 yil 7-iyul p. 12; 1922 yil 15 oktyabr. 1 p. 21; Quyosh va Nyu-York Herald, 1920 yil 29-iyun p. 11; The New York Times, 1920 yil 11-iyul 1 p. 17; Scarsdale Enquirer, 25 oktyabr 1929 y. 3.
  172. ^ "Woodmere". Quyosh, 8 sentyabr 1919 y. 16. U ikkinchi darajali kubokni qo'lga kiritdi. Bu ular (odatdagidek) eng yaxshi ikkita ishtirokchiga topshirilgan deb taxmin qilishadi. Spaldingning maysazorda tennis bo'yicha yillik musobaqasi, 1919 p. 225 - books.google.com orqali. Ayniqsa, o'sha yilgi mukofot sertifikat yoki medal bo'lishi mumkin edi.
  173. ^ - Janob va Martin Vin xonim.. Quyosh va Nyu-York Herald, 1920 yil 29-iyun p. 11. Uning birinchi musobaqadagi g'alabasi (yakkaliklar bundan mustasno). Spaldingning maysazorda tennis bo'yicha yillik musobaqasi, 1918 p. 33. Erkaklar va xotinlarning ushbu sanktsiyalangan tadbiri 1918 yilda boshlangan. Noyob g'oya kelajak tomonidan taklif qilingan HOFer Mari Vagner.
  174. ^ "Klub nomi". Scarsdale Enquirer, 16 oktyabr 1931 y. 1. Uning 48 yoshida bo'lgan so'nggi musobaqadagi g'alabasi. Viktor juftlik o'yinlarida. (Shuningdek, yakkalik musobaqalarida ikkinchi o'rinni egallagan.) Ushbu tadbirlarga faqat o'z klublari a'zolari kirishlari mumkin edi. Biroq, u o'sha yili Leyk Jorjda (Nyu-York) ruxsat berilgan turnirda ham g'olib chiqdi (Quyiga qarang) Scarsdale Enquirer, 1931 yil 24-iyul p. 1.
  175. ^ "Martin Tennis g'olibi" (PDF). The New York Times, 1920 yil 11-iyul 1 p. 17. U Sarsdeyldagi Sunningdeyl sudida bo'lib o'tdi, N.Y.
  176. ^ "Ikkinchi yillik musobaqa". Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1921 yil 15-iyun p. 135. Iqtibos: "Ushbu kubokdagi birinchi o'yinni 1920 yilda Pol Martin yutgan".
  177. ^ Amerikalik maysazor tennis, Merrihew tomonidan tahrirlangan, 1924 yil 15-sentyabr p. 536 (yakkalik va juftlik unvonlari). Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1925 yil 2-avgust p. 2F (muqobil manba). Unda Martin 1924 yilgi Leyk Jorj chempioni bo'lganligi aytilgan.
  178. ^ "Ulster County Tennis Tourney" (PDF). Kingston Daily Freeman, 1924 yil 29-iyul p. 12 (yakkalik va juftlik unvonlari).
  179. ^ Quyosh, 1910 yil 22-iyun p. 8. Tadbirning bosh mavzusi Dunyo № 1, Uilyam Larned.
  180. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1925 yil 2-aprel p. 2A (Yopiq yopiq milliy juftliklar ). Ularning o'yini Manxettenda bo'lib o'tdi 7-Regt. Qurol-aslaha jihozlari burg'ulash qavat. New York Tribune, 1920 yil 18 mart p. 13. Lauretta qurol-yarog 'do'konida maktab o'quvchisi Ceres Beyker bilan birlashdi.
  181. ^ "Ovchi o'rnini egalladi" (kichik sarlavha). New York Tribune, 1919 yil 7-iyul p. 12; 1920 yil 6-iyul 12.
  182. ^ a b Tilden tojni himoya qiladi. Ertalabki yozuv (Meriden, Konn.) 1924 yil 28-avgust p. 5 (oxirgi xat). Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1924 yil 27-avgust p. 2. "Jerald Patterson, Avstraliyaning Devis kubogi sardori, tezda raqibini, nyu-yorklik Pol Martinni qoldirib yubordi va to'rtinchi uchrashuvni o'tkazib yubordi. U o'yinni yutqazmasdan qoldirdi. Anzak uzoq vaqt tushib ketdi deuce Dushanba kuni Martinga yo'l oldi, ammo u bugun mag'lub bo'lmadi. "Bu Forest Hillsdagi milliy chempionat edi. Patterson yarim finalga yo'l oldi.
  183. ^ "Yaqin tugatish". New York Tribune, 1918 yil 18-may p. 14. Iqtibos: "Ikkinchi raundda Richards - Fischer va Pol Martin o'rtasida qizg'in kurash olib borildi -Jons W. Mersereau." Quyosh, 1918 yil 21-avgust p. 11; New York Tribune, 1 oktyabr 1917 y. 13; 1919 yil 17 mart p. 17 (Hawthorne ustuni); 1919 yil 8-may p. 22. Maktab o'quvchisi va tajribali faxriys Univda klubdoshlari bo'lgan. Hts. The New York Times, 1919 yil 4-aprel p. 12. Richards bir vaqtning o'zida Nyu-York TKga tegishli edi. Quyosh, 6 iyul 1919 sek. 2 p. 3. Martin sukut bo'yicha Richards ustidan. Quyosh, 6 oktyabr 1919 y. 20; The New York Times, 1919 yil 19 oktyabr p. 6S. Ular endi klubdosh emas edi. New York Tribune, 1922 yil 24-iyun p. 11. Ular 4-tur o'yinida uchrashishdi.
  184. ^ a b The New York Times, 1925 yil 28-iyun p. 6S. Ular oldida yuzlashdilar Nyu-York atletik klubi mamlakatning uyi, Nyu-Rocheldagi Travers orolida. "Katta Bill" yakkalik unvonini (Vinsent Richardsni tushirgan holda) va juftlik g'olibligini qo'lga kiritdi.
  185. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1924 yil 3 aprel. 2A. Milliy ichki binolar. Unga 7-Regt mezbonlik qildi. Qurol-aslaha jihozlari. Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1924 yil 1-sentyabr p. 476. Martin Van Ryndan 6-4, 2-6, 6-4 gacha ustunlik qildi.
  186. ^ "Kynaston - Viktor". New York Tribune, 1922 yil 15-oktabr. 1 p. 21. G'arbiy Orange, N.J.da aralash juftlik uchrashuvi. Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1931 p. 52. Martins Vagner-Kalder ustidan Jorj ko'li 3-6, 11-9, 2-0 sukut bo'yicha. Xususiyat. The New York Times, 1919 yil 10-iyul p. 17. Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1921 yil 23-sentyabr p. 19. Vagner Lauretta bilan osonlikcha muomala qildi.
  187. ^ New York Tribune, 1919 yil 20 oktyabr p. 13. Klublararo musobaqa (boshqa o'n sakkiztadan farqli o'laroq, Aleksandrdan Vudgacha). Heylman – Uashbern d. PM-Robinson 6-3, 7-5.
  188. ^ New York Tribune, 1910 yil 7-iyun p. 8. Karl Behr sukut bo'yicha Martin ustidan Englewood, N.J.
  189. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1924 yil 1-iyul p. A3; Bruklin Daily Times 1924 yil 1-iyul p. 15. PM 5-7, 6-3, 3-6 da yutqazdi Glen Kov.
  190. ^ New York Tribune, 1915 yil 6-iyul p. 15 (4R - G'arbiy Bronks); Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1921 yil 23-sentyabr p. 19 (5R-Xoboken, N.J.); The New York Times, 1923 yil 2-iyun p. S8. Martin birinchi setni 0: 6 hisobida yutqazgandan so'ng g'alaba qozondi. The New York Times, 1925 yil 12-iyun p. 17 (5R-Montkler, N.J.); Buffalo Courier, 1925 yil 10-iyul p. 10 (4R-Sirakuza); Yonkers shtat arbobi, 9 iyun 1928 y. 12. Ular Xarsdeyldagi klubdoshlari edilar. Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1930 yil 22-iyun p. C3. Ular Travers orolida o'tkazilgan Sharqiy gil sudi chempionatining yarim finalida kurash olib borishdi.
  191. ^ The New York Times, 1925 yil 12-aprel p. 16. Ikki kishilik sheriklar Bowman va Martin Briarcliff Lodge TCda bo'lib o'tgan ko'rgazmada g'alaba qozonish uchun yaqin mag'lubiyatdan qaytishdi.
  192. ^ Spaldingning maysazorda tennis bo'yicha yillik musobaqasi, 1910 p. 181. Rozenbaum - Grant Balch-Martin 6-1, 6-2. Spalding, 1912 p. 160. Fridman - Grant Balch-Martin 7-5, 6-2.
  193. ^ "Net Stars Advance" (PDF). The New York Times, 1921 yil 23-iyul p. 8; Bruklin Daily Eagle, oxirgi (yakuniy) nashr, 1922 yil 1-iyul p. 7; 1925 yil 17-may p. 2D.
  194. ^ "Kaliforniyaliklar". Nyu-York Herald, 1922 yil 24-iyul p. 12. U chekkadan pastga o'z vaqtida joylashtirilgan. Ammo, ular Kinslining aniq daromadlari va pirzola bilan samaradorligini yo'qotdilar.
  195. ^ New York Tribune, 1920 yil 28 mart 1 p. 21; 1922 yil 15 oktyabr. 1 p. 21; The New York Times, 1923 yil 15-may p. 17; 1923 yil 15-iyun p. 17 (yarim final uchrashuvi - Montclair, N.J.); 1923 yil 22-avgust p. 11; Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1923 yil 3-iyun p. 4D; Long Island News va Owl, 1924 yil 24-iyul p. 1.
  196. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1926 yil 8-avgust p. C5 (Raychadagi Westchester-Biltmore CC).
  197. ^ "Rozenbaum Netda g'alaba qozondi" (PDF). The New York Times, 1919 yil 15 sentyabr. 13. Martin Fred Andersonni (Frankning akasi) musobaqadan oldinroq chiqarib yubordi. Anderson va Rozenbaum ikkalasi ham turli vaqtlarda finalist bo'lishgan Yopiq inshootlardagi mamlakat chempionati.
  198. ^ New York Tribune, 1910 yil 3-iyun p. 9; 1920 yil 25 iyun p. 15 (6R-Bronx); 1922 yil 24-iyun 11.
  199. ^ The New York Times, 1923 yil 29-may p. 12 (PDF). "Martin Yonkersda Vudni mag'lub qiladi." The New York Times, 1924 yil 20-iyun p. 22. Vud har birida o'ynadi Professional tennis bo'yicha milliy chempionat 1927–36 yillarda.
  200. ^ a b New York Tribune, 1916 yil 5-iyun p. 14; "Yarim finalga chiqdi". Quyosh, 1916 yil 13-avgust sek. 2 p. 2; 1917 yil 17-sentyabr p. 11; "Balandliklar jamoasi g'alaba qozonadi". Quyosh va Nyu-York Herald, 1920 yil 28-may p. 10; "Finalga etib kelishdi" (PDF). The New York Times, 13 oktyabr 1922 y. 22. Martin University Heights TC-ga tegishli edi (yuqorida aytib o'tilganlarning barchasida tasdiqlangan). New York Tribune, 1915 yil 10-may p. 15. Klubdoshim edi Franklin P. Adams. Quyosh, 1913 yil 30-iyul va 7-avgust p. 9; New York Tribune, 1915 yil 4-iyul pt. 2 p. 4; 1917 yil 1-iyul pt. 2 p. 3 & 1917 yil 2-iyul p. 11; 1919 yil 30-iyun p. 12; 1920 yil 6-iyul 12; 1922 yil 22-may p. 9; The New York Times, 23 iyun 1923 y. 7; 1924 yil 4-may, sek. 10 p. 6. Ularning ikkalasi ham Hts universiteti qo'ygan ushbu musobaqalarda o'ynashgan. "Kundalik". New York Tribune, 1919 yil 2-iyul p. 10. Kolumnist Adams ushbu tadbirni ko'ngilli Martin xonim deb eslaydi; unga tort, sendvich va ichimliklar uchun choy berdi. Uning eri va Adams tandem tuzdilar, p. 12.
  201. ^ Bridgeport Telegram, 1924 yil 5-iyul p. 8. Martins Adamsni ag'dardi & Maym McDonald yilda Yangi Kan'on, Konn. Gazetalar.com orqali kirish.
  202. ^ "Behrning avtoulovlari oqimi". New York Tribune, 1 oktyabr 1917 y. 13. Etti kishilik jamoa: Ber, Klapp, Fischer, Martin, Mersereo, Richards, Vayt (Oq emas). Quyosh, 1917 yil 26-avgust sek. 2 p. 2. Yigitning unvoni.
  203. ^ "To'rtinchi raundga boring". New York Tribune, 1918 yil 3-iyun p. 13; 1918 yil 18-may p. 14; 1920 yil 28 mart 1 p. 21; 1921 yil 14-iyul p. 11; Quyosh, 1919 yil 14-may p. 16; Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1925 yil 15-iyun p. 2A; 1925 yil 24-iyun p. 2A; 1926 yil 17 fevral. 2A; 16 may 1926 y. 2C; 1926 yil 8-avgust p. C5; Filadelfiya tergovchisi, 1928 yil 13-avgust p. 13; Amerikalik Sirakuza, 1929 yil 11-avgust p. 8.
  204. ^ a b Erkaklar o'rtasidagi yakkalik: New York Tribune, 1920 yil 31-avgust p. 11; Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1 sentyabr 1921 y. 2; Quyosh, 1924 yil 20-avgust p. 26. Tilden 1920–25 yillarda har bir milliy g'alaba qozondi.
  205. ^ 1921 fuqarolari. Sek. 8. 2R: Rojers va Martin. Uning rafiqasi Lauretta, ayollar bo'limida o'ynagan.
  206. ^ "64-tur". To'liq natijalar. Tuzuvchi T. Krastev.
  207. ^ Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1924 yil 15-sentabr p. 486. Iqtibos: "Qayta tiklangach, Patterson Martinning barqaror o'yinlariga qaramay ketma-ket oltita o'yinda g'alaba qozondi."
  208. ^ a b Spalding Tennis yillik, 1929 p. 51. Iqtibos: "Doktor Xok Bassfordga qarshi yarim finalga Nyu-York Bosh vaziri ustidan g'alaba qozondi. " Spalding, 1930 p. 31. Iqtibos: "[Jan Adoue] Nyu-York Bosh vaziri qirq sakkizta o'yinni talab qiladigan musobaqaning eng uzoq va eng yaqin o'yinida qatnashdi. " Spalding, 1931 p. 27. Rayt va Ditson rasmiy ravishda qabul qilingan maysazorda tennis bo'yicha qo'llanma, 1932 p. 13. U ikkala uchinchi va to'rtinchi raundgacha davom etdi. Keyinchalik yoshga bo'lgan talab tushirildi.
  209. ^ The New York Times, 23 sentyabr 1928 soniya 11 p. 8; Scarsdale Enquirer, 1928 yil 29-iyun p. 8; 1929 yil 18 oktyabr. 22; 1930 yil 15-avgust p. 1; 1931 yil 26-iyun p. 2. Shuningdek, u Xarttseyl yoki Vestchester okrugi TK deb nomlangan. U 1925 yil avgust oyida Bronksdan Millvudga ko'chib o'tganidan so'ng, ushbu klubga qo'shildi.
  210. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1924 yil 11-may 1-2D betlar (va boshqalar.). The USLTA 1924 yil 2-fevralda o'yinchi-yozuvchi qoidasini qabul qildi. Tennisda yozgani uchun haq oladigan har qanday faol o'yinchi 1925 yil 1-yanvardan boshlab havaskorlik maqomidan mahrum qilinishini aytdi. Ushbu qaror a'zolari tomonidan osonlikcha ma'qullandi, bloklarda ovoz berganlar (47196 dan 6250 gacha). Bu Bill Tildenga, keyinchalik Vinsent Richards tomonidan uzoqdan ta'sirlangan bo'lar edi. Kuchli qarshiliklar ta'sirchanlardan kelib chiqqan S. Uollis Merrihew, muxlislar va yozuvchilar. Murojaat, boshqalar qatori, 12 (18 emas) tomonidan imzolangan eng yaxshi 25 (PDF) -dan reytingdagi reketchilar Nyu-York metrosi. Bu havaskorlikni qayta belgilaydigan yangi qoidaga tanbeh berdi. Uolter Merril Xoll (25 dan # 11) va Martin (25 dan # 18) Tilden tarafdorlari bilan imzolamadilar. Buning o'rniga ular alohida xat yozdilar (p-dagi matn. 2D), uni qayta ko'rib chiqishga undaydi. Pres tomonidan maxsus qo'mita tayinlandi. Vaytmen, tashvishli masalani yanada o'rganish uchun. Uning tarkibiga Artur Hellen, Merrihew, Mersereau va Tilden kirgan. Ushbu to'rt kishi hakamlar hay'atini ettitagacha kengaytirdilar Devereux Milburn, Senator Jorj Pepper & Grantland guruchi. Ularning bir ovozdan ma'ruzasi dekabr oyining o'rtalarida e'lon qilindi. USLTA uning tavsiyalarini qabul qildi va ish haqi uchun yozishga qarshi qarorni juda o'zgartirdi. Shu bilan bir qatorda, davom etgan javob reaktsiyasiga duch kelish kerak edi.
  211. ^ The New York Times, 1923 yil 12-iyun p. 17. Sarlavha: "To'rda uchrashadigan ayollar". Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1924 yil 15-iyul p. 249. Jorj Mirror ko'li, 1924 yil 16-avgust p. 9; 1925 yil 18-iyul p. 3. Nyu-York Evening Post, 1925 yil 9-iyun p. 16; The New York Times, 1925 yil 7-iyun p. 8S. Martin musobaqa hakami va yozuvlarni qabul qilish bilan shug'ullangan. Uning xotini uning qo'mitasida ishlagan. "" Uchrashuvlar finallari " (PDF). Nyu-York Evening Post, 1925 yil 19-iyun 14-bet. Avvalgi yopiq binolar bo'yicha mamlakat chempioni, Helene Pollak Falk, yarim final uchrashuvi paytida yiqilib ketishiga oz qoldi. Unga hakam Pol yordam berdi. Post-yulduz, 1925 yil 21-iyul. 11; Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1930 p. 166.
  212. ^ "Yosh tennischilar". Scarsdale Enquirer, 1926 yil 20-avgust 1, 10-betlar; 1925 yil 15-avgust p. 9.
  213. ^ WCTL har yili 1932–2019 yillarda (1942–45 bundan mustasno) mezbonlik qilgan. Bu 2019 yilda elektron pochta orqali liga vakili bilan tasdiqlangan. Kubokdagi ismlar (rasmda) faqat o'sha yillarda yo'qolgan edi. Keyin va hozir. The Herald Statesman, 1995 yil 20-may p. 8D. Uch plyus g'olibi bo'lgan boshqalar Melvin Partridge, Dik Skvayrlar va Jon Mangan.
  214. ^ "Memorial Tourney boshlanadi". Scarsdale Enquirer, 1932 yil 19-avgust p. 1. Kirish news.hrvh.org.
  215. ^ "Pol Martinning yodgorlik o'yinlari" (PDF). The Herald Statesman (Yonkers, N.Y.), 1935 yil 28-iyun p. 19. Dastlab Pol Martin Memorial Tennis Turniri deb nomlangan bo'lib, unda yakkalik va juftlik bahslari bor edi.
  216. ^ "Yillik County Net Tourney". The Herald Statesman, 1932 yil 21-iyun p. 14. Klub menejerlari Martinni hurmat qilishga qaror qilishdi. Scarsdale Enquirer, 1934 yil 22-iyun 1, 4-betlar; 1934 yil 29-iyun p. 14; 1936 yil 10-iyul p. 1. Uning tashkil etilishida eng mas'ul shaxs Pleasantvildagi Mount Pleasant Tennis Club xodimi Fenimor Cady edi. 1930 yildagi aholini ro'yxatga olish. Kedining manzili.
  217. ^ "Finalga etib kelishdi". The New York Times, 13 oktyabr 1922 y. 22. U uchinchi yillik Esseks okrugi chempionatida ikkinchi o'rinni egallagani uchun kubokni qo'lga kiritdi (V. Orange, N.J.).
  218. ^ a b "Viloyat ligasi bahslari qur'a tashlashi" (PDF). The Herald Statesman, 1934 yil 29-iyun p. 22; Scarsdale Enquirer, 1934 yil 6-iyul 1, 4-betlar (o'yib yozilgan, xayr-ehson qilingan).
  219. ^ Scarsdale Enquirer; 1932 yil 26-avgust p. 1 (yaqinda); 1932 yil 9-sentyabr p. 1; 1932 yil 7 oktyabr p. 14; Har yili o'tkazilgan County TC turnirining yakkalik g'olibi (faqat a'zolar uchun) o'z nomlarini o'yib yozishni boshladi boshqa 1932 yilda yodgorlik kubogi. Bu 1923 yilda Harlemda ikkinchi o'rinni egallagani uchun Martin yutgan sovrin edi. Scarsdale Enquirer, 1933 yil 22-sentabr p. 11. So'nggi marta ma'lum bo'lib, bu bosma nashrda tilga olingan.
  220. ^ Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 20 aprel 1932 y. 64. Iqtiboslar: "Nyu-York tennis doiralarida taniqli bo'lgan va" Universitet Heights Tennis Club "ning sobiq a'zosi bo'lgan Pol Martin to'satdan vafot etdi ... Bir muncha vaqt Martin qornidagi og'riqlar bilan ovora edi." Uning o'tishi p-dagi Mundarijada ham qayd etilgan. 3. Printerlar siyohi, har hafta, 1932 j. 158: 2 p. 80.
  221. ^ The New York Times, 1932 yil 20 mart. Sek. 2 p. 7. Iqtiboslar: "Reklama bo'yicha ixtisoslashgan rassom ... Milliy Dizayn Akademiyasida tahsil olgan ... Dafn marosimi seshanba kuni Highland Metodist cherkovida bo'lib o'tadi."
  222. ^ "Sukkumblar uchun" Vaqtni qayta charchash vaqti "ning asoschisi" (PDF). Fuqaro Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), 1932 yil 19 mart p. 1. Iqtibos: "Dafn marosimlari seshanba kuni kechqurun soat 7 da, Highland Avenue M. E. cherkovida bo'ladi." Tirik qolganlar: Fanni, Jorj, Ralf, Robert. Fultonhistory.com orqali kirish.
  223. ^ Umr: 1880 yil 7-iyul, Nyu-York, Nyu-York - 1972 yil 14-avgust, Vernon tog'i, N.Y. Uning akasi va singlisi tomonidan ilgari surilgan. Ijtimoiy ta'minotning o'lim ko'rsatkichi (SSDI). Uning tug'ilgan yili 1880 yil deb qayd etilgan.
  224. ^ a b "Birinchi davra jadvali ... 14:00". New York Tribune, 1921 yil 14-avgust pt. 1 p. 19. U musobaqada qatnashdi Ayollar milliy chempionati (US Open) 1921 yil. Final Molla Mallori va Meri K. Braun o'rtasida bo'lib o'tdi. Ushbu Forest Hills turniri amerikaliklarning birinchi debyutini keng ommalashtirdi Suzanna Lenglen. Ikkala Martins ham 1921 yilgi milliy jamoalarning yakkalik bahslarida qatnashgan. Bu er-xotin uchun kamdan-kam uchraydigan hodisa (o'sha yili). Boshqalar: Klarens Xobart-Augusta Shultz (1905), Nataniel Nayls-Marta Pitkin (1920-21), Marjori Gladman-Jon Van Rayn (1931-37), Nell Xoll-Garri Xopman (1938), Frank Kovach-Virjiniya Volfenden (1941) ), Edvin Kuk - Sara Pelfri (1945), Lyud Xoad - Jenni Steyli (1956), Kerol Kolduell - Klark Greybner (1964 - 65), Bill Bowrey - Lesli Tyorner (1969), Kris Evert - Jon Lloyd (1979, 81, 83-85).
  225. ^ - Janob va Martin Vin xonim.. Quyosh va Nyu-York Herald, 1920 yil 29-iyun p. 11. Sub-sarlavha: "Er va xotin o'rtasida katta tennis bo'yicha tennis chempionati." Quyosh va Nyu-York Herald, 1920 yil 24 sentyabr. 9. Ular to'rtinchi raundgacha Xoboken, N.J.
  226. ^ "Finalga etib kelishdi" (PDF). The New York Times, 13 oktyabr 1922 y. 22; "Marjori Morril yutadi". Xartford Courant, 3 iyul 1927 y. 3B. Ularning ismlari pastga ro'yxatlangan. Qal'aning nuqtasi.
  227. ^ "County Club g'alaba qozondi". Scarsdale Enquirer, 25 oktyabr 1929 y. 3. Ularning aralash juftlikdagi g'alabasi jamoaning hisobiga yozildi. "County Tennis Club". Scarsdale Enquirer, 1931 yil 17-iyul p. 1. Ularning g'alabasi klub turnirida bo'lgan.
  228. ^ Asl asarlardan tayyorlangan ipak ekranli nashr (serigraf). U birinchi marta 1965 yilda ushbu joyda namoyish etilgan. O'shandan beri u vaqti-vaqti bilan turli sohalarda namoyish etilib kelinmoqda. Bu muzey tadqiqot markazi tomonidan tasdiqlangan va Sec-Treas tomonidan uning hujjatlaridagi xat. Genri Xefernan. Maktub 1965 yil 3-dekabrda yozilgan.
  229. ^ Olchamlari: Balandligi 3.75 ". Kengligi 3.25" (tutqichsiz). Shon-sharaf zali logotipi tasvirning qarama-qarshi tomonida joylashgan.
  230. ^ "Pol Martin Tennis Tourney". Scarsdale Enquirer, 1934 yil 22-iyun p. 1 (atributlar).
  231. ^ Bronxvil matbuoti, 1932 yil 16-avgust p. 4. "Qishloqdagi vagabond". Kirish news.hrvh.org. (Tanlang: "Sarlavha bo'yicha ko'rib chiqish.")
  232. ^ Spalding Tennis yillik, 1923, 306, 311-14 betlar. Ushbu klublarning barchasi quyidagicha ro'yxatga olingan uyushma a'zolari, Janubiy Yonkerlardan tashqari. Bu sudlarning 1924 yil 25 mayga qadar bag'ishlanmaganligi bilan bog'liq. Oritani FK krediti keyinchalik qo'shilgan, shu sababli tasdiqlanmagan. Shunga qaramay, u kelgusi yilgi nashrda p. 281.
  233. ^ The New York Times, 1920 yil 11-iyul 1 p. 17 (PDF). New York Tribune, 1920 yil 25-iyun p. 15. 80-maydon.
  234. ^ a b Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1924 yil 15-sentabr p. 536 (yakkalik va juftlik unvonlari); Jorj Mirror ko'li, 1924 yil 16-avgust p. 9 (yakkalik va juftlik unvonlari); 1925 yil 15-avgust p. 7 (juftlik unvoni, yakkalik va aralash juftliklar ikkinchi o'rin); 1930 yil 12-iyul p. 3 (yakkaliklar, juftliklar va aralash juftliklar ikkinchi o'rin); Fuqaro Sentinel, 16 iyul 1931 y. 12 (yakkalik chorak finalchi); The New York Times, 19 iyul 1931 sek. 10 p. 7 (juftlik unvoni); Yonkers shtat arbobi, 1931 yil 20-iyul. 14. Sarlavha: "Bassford, Martin Uin." Xonim tasalli singllarida finalist edi. Bular havolalar nyshistoricnewspapers.org orqali kirishgan.
  235. ^ a b Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1 sentyabr 1923 y. 404 (yakkalik chorak finalchi va aralash juftliklar yarim finalchi); 1924 yil 15-avgust p. 370 (yakkalik va juftlik unvonlari, aralash juftliklar yarim finalchi); Kingston Daily Freeman, 1924 yil 29-iyul p. 12 (yakkalik va juftlik unvonlari); The New York Times, 1925 yil 18-iyul p. 11 (yakkalik va juftliklar ikkinchi o'rin); Long Island News va Owl, 1929 yil 18-iyul p. 1 (juftlik yarim finalchi); Kingston Daily Freeman, 1931 yil 13-iyul p. 12 va Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1931 p. 48 (ikkinchi darajali juftlik).
  236. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1915 yil 16-avgust sek. 2018-04-02 121 2 p. 4; The New York Times, 1915 yil 16-avgust p. 6. Ushbu manbalar g'oliblarni yakkalik, juftlik va tasalli singllarida beradi. Turnir davomida Martin Mamakating Innda qolgan edi. Spaldingning maysazorda tennis bo'yicha yillik musobaqasi, 1916 p. 119, p. 313. Yupatishning natijalari va ta'rifi. Quyosh, 1916 yil 13-avgust sek. 2 p. 2018-04-02 121 2. Bruklin Daily Eagle, 3 sentyabr 1916 sek. 3 (ijtimoiy yangiliklar) p. 6. Ushbu manbada "University Heights Tennis Club of Martin" 1916 yilda Merriewold Parkda "turnirda g'olib bo'lish uchun tanlangani" aytilgan. (U o'rniga yarim finalda yutqazgan). Kesh. Umumiy. Bu nima uchun ekanligini tushuntiradi NY Tribune, chalkashtirib, uni kimdan deb atagan Mamakating 1915 yil avgustda.
  237. ^ Chempionat bo'lmagan final (qolgan yigirma to'qqiztadan farqli o'laroq). Shunga qaramay, g'olibga mukofot topshirildi.
  238. ^ "Hammett-Martin jamoasi g'alaba qozondi". New York Tribune, 1922 yil 12-iyul p. 13. The New York Times, 1921 yil 23-iyul p. 8 (yakkaliklar yarim finalchi); 1925 yil 28-iyun p. 6S (juftlik yarim finalchi); Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1928 yil 24-iyun p. C3 (chorak finalning juftligi); 1930 yil 22-iyun p. C3 (yakkaliklar yarim finalchisi). Ushbu tadbirlar atletika klubida bo'lib o'tdi uydan uzoqda, kuni Travers oroli bo'ylab (hozirda yarimorol) L. I. Ovoz.
  239. ^ The New York Times, 1925 yil 20-may p. 19. U bo'lib o'tdi O'rmon tepaliklari. "Martin va Bassford g'olib bo'lishdi" (PDF). The New York Times, 1925 yil 3-iyun p. 21. Sub-sarlavha: "Anders va Xartmanni" 39 yoshdan oshganlar "tennis finalida mag'lub eting."
  240. ^ "Net sarlavha". New York Tribune, 1920 yil 29-iyun p. 15; Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1919 yil 15 sentyabr. 396 (er va xotinlar chorak finalchi); Quyosh va Nyu-York Herald, 1920 yil 25-iyun p. 10 (yakkalik chorak finalchi); 1920 yil 29-iyun p. 11 (er va xotinlarning unvoni); Nyu-York Herald, 25 iyun 1922 sek. 4 p. 4 (juftlik chorak finalchi).
  241. ^ "Woodmere". Quyosh, 8 sentyabr 1919 y. 16 (yakka tartibdagi ikkinchi o'rin). New York Tribune, 1920 yil 17-iyul p. 9 (yakkaliklar yarim finalchisi); 1921 yil 15-iyul p. 11 (yakkalik chorak finalchi).
  242. ^ Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1922 yil 15-fevral p. 631 (juftlik yarim finalchi); New York Tribune, 1922 yil 13 oktyabr p. 15 (yakkaliklar ikkinchi darajali); 1922 yil 15 oktyabr. 1 p. 21 (juftliklar va aralash juftliklar chorak finalchilar).
  243. ^ Amerikalik maysazor tennis, Merrihew tomonidan tahrirlangan, 1922 yil 15-noyabr p. 491 (yakkaliklar ikkinchi darajali va juftlik yarim finalchi). Xonim yakkaliklar yarimiga etib bordi.
  244. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1923 yil 3-iyun p. 4D & The New York Times, 1923 yil 3-iyun p. 4S (yakkaliklar ikkinchi darajali); Yonkers shtat arbobi va yangiliklar, 1924 yil 29-may p. 8 (yakkalik chorak finalchi). Ushbu tadbirlar Sharqiy Nyu-York shtat chempionati uchun edi. 1920-24 yillarda Amakassin mezbonlik qilgan.
  245. ^ New York Tribune, 1920 yil 16 may. 1 p. 21 (yakka va juftliklar chorak finalchilar). Kechki Telegram, 1923 yil 20-may p. 10. Martin haqida parcha: "Universitet balandligi faxriysi". Bu 5/20 kuni raqobatdosh maqolada keltirilgan noto'g'ri ma'lumotlarni tuzatadi. Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1923 yil 21-may p. 2A; The New York Times, 1923 yil 21-may p. 19 (yakka tartibdagi ikkinchi o'rin).
  246. ^ Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1 sentyabr 1924 y. 476. Long Island News va Owl, 1924 yil 24-iyul p. 1. Kynaston PM 8-6, 6-4, 0-6, 6-2 orqali. Nyshistoricnewspapers.org orqali kirish.
  247. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1924 yil 3-avgust p. D3 ("Martin yapon yulduzini urdi") & 1924 yil 18-avgust p. 2A (yakkaliklar ikkinchi darajali); The New York Times, 1925 yil 2-avgust p. S5 (yakkaliklar yarim finalchi).
  248. ^ The New York Times, 1921 yil 17 oktyabr p. 12 (yakkalik yarim va juftliklar ikkinchi o'rin). New York Tribune, 1921 yil 12-noyabr p. 14.
  249. ^ Yonkers shtat arbobi, 1926 yil 20-sentabr p. 11 (Ikkinchi o'rinni egallaydi). Final: Franklin va Uorren Osgood va Martin-C. R. Uotkins. Yonkers shtat arbobi, 1929 yil 8-avgust p. 13 (yakkalik chorak finalchi); 1930 yil 8-avgust p. 16 (yakkalik chorak finalchi).
  250. ^ Kechki gazeta (Port Jervis, N.Y.), 1921 yil 26-avgust p. 8 (aralash juftliklar ikkinchi o'rin); Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1921 yil 15 oktyabr p. 463 (yakkaliklar yarim finalchi va juftliklar ikkinchi o'rin). U 16-20 avgust kunlari davom etdi. Uning aralash juftlik sherigi Lauretta emas edi. Rejalashtirish mojarosi tufayli kamdan-kam uchraydi. U 15 avgust kuni "Nationals" da birinchi davrada yakkalik bahsini o'tkazdi. The New York Times, 1924 yil 29-iyun sek. 1 p. 27. Yana bir nodir misol. U bu erda yaqin tanishi Xelen Simpson bilan juftlashgan.
  251. ^ Scarsdale Enquirer, 1928 yil 5-oktabr p. 5 (yakkalik semisiga erishildi - boshqa natijalar chop etilmaydi); 1929 yil 18-oktabr p. 22 (yakkalik nomi); 1931 yil 17-iyul p. 1 (aralash juftlik unvoni); 1931 yil 16-oktabr p. 1 (yakkaliklar ikkinchi darajali va ikkinchi juftlik juftligi); 1932 yil 26-avgust p. 1. Iqtibos: "U bir necha yil davomida u erda turli sheriklar bilan juftlik chempionatida g'olib chiqqan va har doim finalda paydo bo'lgan Shtatning eng yuqori darajadagi o'yinchisi edi." Klublar o'rtasidagi turnirlarning natijalari odatda xabar qilinmagan. Demak, ularning aksariyati tarixga yo'qolgan.
  252. ^ Jorj ko'li mashhur kurort joy edi Adirondacks. "Avanslar". Boston Daily Globe, 1930 yil 20-avgust p. 15 (Sincap., Men. ). Mahalliy manzil orqali faqat kirish mumkin edi parom. Ularning ikkalasi ham ochilish bahsida g'alaba qozondi. Mohonk ko'li yana bir qochish edi.
  253. ^ New York Tribune, 1915 yil 6-iyul p. 15; 1917 yil 2-iyul p. 11; 1918 yil 4-iyul p. 12; 1919 yil 3-iyul p. 10; 1920 yil 6-iyul 12; 1922 yil 23-may p. 13; The Sun va New York Press, 1916 yil 5-iyul p. 13; Nyu-York Evening Post; 1922 yil 5-aprel p. 15 (smte.); 1924 yil 25-aprel (smte.); 1926 yil 22 aprel p. 15 (smte.); 1928 yil 9-iyun p. 16; The New York Times, 1923 yil 18-aprel p. 19 (sm).; 1923 yil 9-may p. 16; 1925 yil 13-may p. 19; Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1924 yil 11-may p. 2D; 1929 yil 25 sentyabr. 28. SF = yarim final.
  254. ^ "G'olib jamoaning palatalari" Quyosh, 1913 yil 7-avgust p. 9; New York Tribune, 1915 yil 12-iyul p. 13; 1919 yil 2-iyul p. 12; 1920 yil 3-may p. 11; 1921 yil 2-may p. 11; The Sun va New York Press, 1916 yil 5-iyul p. 13; Nyu-York Evening Post, 5 aprel 1922 y. 15 (d / s ). U deyarli 1913 yilda kubok raundiga etib borgan. 3-6, 7-5, 2-6 yarim semalarda yutqazgan.
  255. ^ The New York Times, 23 iyun 1923 y. 7. Ushbu bo'linish kun tartibida bo'lmagan muntazam juftliklarni almashtirdi.
  256. ^ Martinslar Bronksga turmushga chiqqandan keyin ko'chib o'tishdi 1912 yil 27 sentyabr. Quyosh, 1913 yil 7-avgust p. 9. U birinchi bo'lib 1913 yilda University Heights musobaqasiga kirgan. New York Tribune, 1916 yil 5-iyun p. 14; The New York Times, 1925 yil 21 sentyabr. 24. Uning klub bilan aloqasi haqida shu sanalar oralig'ida bosma nashrlarda ko'p marta eslatib o'tilgan. Nyu-York Evening Post, 22 aprel 1926 y. 15. O'ynamaydigan qo'mita a'zosi.
  257. ^ U klubga qo'shilishi mumkin edi b / w 1912 yil oktyabr va dekabr. Buni tasdiqlashning iloji yo'q, chunki o'sha paytgacha tennis mavsumi tugagan edi.
  258. ^ U 1925 yil avgustda Millvudga ko'chib o'tgandan so'ng, Xarttsdeyl okrugi TC-ga / Skartsdeylga qo'shildi. Yonkers shtat arbobi, 1926 yil 20-sentabr. S2; Scarsdale Enquirer, 1928 yil 29-iyun p. 8; 1931 yil 26-iyun p. 2. Uning ushbu klub bilan aloqasi shu sanalar oralig'ida bosma nashrlarda ko'p marotaba qayd etilgan.
  259. ^ "Travers Island". Amerikalik maysazor tennis, 1921 yil 15-avgust p. 317; Spaldingning maysazorda tennis bo'yicha yillik musobaqasi, 1910 p. 98; New York Tribune, 1911 yil 14-avgust p. 8 (sheriklarni ikki baravar ko'paytiradi); 1921 yil 19-iyul p. 11; 1922 yil 12-iyun p. 11. Ularning ikkalasi ham ushbu turnirlarda o'ynashgan. 1910 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish. Ralfning rafiqasi: Elis. Uning amakisi va uydoshi: Charlz Yardli Tyorner.
  260. ^ The New York Times, 1921 yil 30-sentyabr p. 12. Xemmet va Martin Xts universiteti klubdoshlari edilar. Ular ba'zida birlashdilar. Katta Bill Tilden tomonidan Deford, 1976 p. 221. Donald Strachan Tildenning Filadelfiya tarafdorlaridan biri edi.
  261. ^ Mulkchilik. Barni Yanofskiyning Martin xonimga yozgan maktubi.
  262. ^ U chaqirildi Miting 1917–20 yillarda. Qizlik. Flickr. Keyinchalik bu rasm 1932 yil kuzi va 1933 yil bahorida qizlar uchun skaut uskunalari kataloglari muqovasida paydo bo'ldi.
  263. ^ "Koller" (5-23). Uning birinchi iste'molchilar jurnalining muqovasi.
  264. ^ Olma chayqalishi. Halloween bayrami. Djo Vinkuort so'zlarni o'zgartiradi Go'dak Rut p. 15. Iqtiboslar (qalin harflar bilan pastga siljiting).
  265. ^ "Hamma". FictionMags indeksi. Yosh suzuvchi va uning g'ayritabiiy iti, 1925 yil sentyabr. Muqobil yo'l: yuqoriga o'ting va so'ngra "tarkib"> "artist"> nomi bilan qidirishni bosing.
  266. ^ Sifatida tanilgan Ferma jurnali va fermerning rafiqasi (ularning birlashishi bilan), 1939 yil maydan 1945 yil iyulgacha. Keyin u qayta nomlandi Farm Journal, "Fermerning xotini" deb nomlangan orqa qism bilan.
  267. ^ Xotira kuni muqovasi. Afishaning versiyasi ko'rsatilgan O'g'il bolalar hayoti, May 1932 p. 52; May 1933 p. 30; May 1934 p. 44. Magning nomi o'zgartirildi VFW (Chet urushlar faxriylari) 1951 yil yanvarda.
  268. ^ "Die Hausfrau" (Uy bekasi). Internet-arxiv, San-Frantsisko. Mag uchta nomga ega edi: Die Deutsche Hausfrau 1904–18. Die Hausfrau 1919–92. Das Fenster 1992–. Ushbu muqovali rasm dastlab taqvimlarda, siyohli kartochkalarda va bosmaxonalarda 1931 yilda paydo bo'lgan.
  269. ^ "Ozodlik". FictionMags indeksi. Qo'g'irchoqlar aravachasi va vagon to'qnashdi, 1925 yil 12-sentyabr. Qizning qorong'i qulflari ustiga qo'shildi. (ALT yo'l: yuqoriga o'ting> "tarkibidagi jadval"> "ijrochi" ni bosing.)
  270. ^ U chaqirildi Bolalar, ota-onalar uchun jurnal 1926 yil oktyabrdan 1929 yil yanvargacha.
  271. ^ U chaqirildi Bolalar, ota-onalar jurnali 1929 yil fevraldan iyulgacha.
  272. ^ Ota-onalar, 1930 yil oktyabr. Yosh bola biroz qiyinlik bilan o'zlarining mag'rini o'qiydi. Ushbu muqovali rasm keyinchalik o'zgartirilgan harflar bilan Gerlach Barklow kalendarlarida paydo bo'ldi. Yosh Donald Reynolds ham Martinnikiga mos tushdi: 1. Shanba kuni kechki xabar reklama, 1930 yil 22-noyabr p. 37. 2. H-O suli uchun tashqi plakatlar (uch xil sahna). Ularning mini-versiyalari oziq-ovqat do'konlarida namoyish etildi. 3. Bond Bread, Rollfast velosipedlari va Uilson ko'rshapalaklar reklamalari (agar ularning birortasi noma'lum bo'lsa ham, chop etishga muvaffaq bo'lgan). 4. Chet el xizmati muqovasi, 1932 yil may. Biroq, uning fotosessiyalari bundan ikki yil oldin bo'lib o'tgan. Qo'shimcha: Ular Millvud shahridagi juda uzun ko'chaning qarama-qarshi tomonlarida yashaganlar, ular birinchi bo'lib qisqa muddatli (qurbon bo'lgan Katta depressiya ) Millvuddagi qahvaxona. Bu bolaning ota-onasi tomonidan boshqarilgan va "Rose and Carl's (Carlyle uchun Restaurant)" deb nomlangan. Ovqatlanish stantsiyasi yo'lidagi temir yo'l omborining qarshisida joylashgan. Martin doimiy xaridor bo'lib, tez-tez to'ldirilgan karam va olma pirogiga buyurtma berardi. U uy sharoitida pishirilgan ovqatlarni qabul qilish bilan pochta bo'limiga safarlarni uyushtirdi (o'sha bldg.). Ularning fotosessiyalari 1930–31 yillarda bo'lib o'tdi. (Ish haqi: 15 ¢ / hanuzgacha yoki yarim kunlik $ 5 +, bepul atıştırmalıklar bilan.) Mahalliy model ... o'qishni tugatdi Horace Greeley (High) maktabi, uchta sport bilan shug'ullanayotganda (1941) ... ishtirok eting Overlord operatsiyasi (ADSEC birlik; 1944 yil 21-iyunda qo'ndi) ... uchun sport muallifi bo'lish Kundalik maqola Port Chester, NY (1948–50) ... & ... uchun muharrir Progressive Grocer (1956-62) ... ning 65 yillik yubiley marosimida ishtirok eting Kun, Normandiyada, Frantsiya (2009).
  273. ^ Qisqa burilish va encore. Fuqaro urushi faxriysini diqqat bilan tinglayotgan yigit va qiz general Sherman haqida eslayapti. Books.google.com orqali kirish.
  274. ^ Adyol. O'g'il triosi (qaychi bilan), dadasi va bobosi.
  275. ^ "Nohaqlik". Unz.com. Erkak, ayol va caddy, s. 22. Ota va o'g'il sarlavhali yangiliklarni o'qiyapti, p. 23.
  276. ^ "Fojia". Unz.com> PDF arxivlari> 1920-yillar> Yozuvchilar. Rahmdil ustoz va qayg'uli o'quvchi.
  277. ^ "To'q yo'lda". "Unz sharhi." Yosh Genri qo'lida fonar va lyuk. Qayta nashr etilgan Bugungi va kechagi voqealar, 1930.
  278. ^ "Gutenberg loyihasi". AQSh © Yangilanishlar, Iyul-dekabr. 1954 (muallif ostida ko'rsatilgan). Herald News (Mass-Fall daryosi), 1927 yil 22-oktabr. "Mahalliy ruhoniy kitob yozadi". Ushbu sarlavha ostida Martinning katta surati keltirilgan.
  279. ^ Google Books. LOC, Mualliflik huquqi bo'yicha idora, 1927 yildagi mualliflik huquqiga oid yozuvlar katalogi. Kitobning illyustratori yozilmagan.
  280. ^ Google Books. LOC, Mualliflik huquqi bo'yicha idora, 1927 yil uchun mualliflik huquqiga oid yozuvlar katalogi.
  281. ^ a b "Gutenberg loyihasi". AQSh © Yangilanishlar, Iyul-dekabr. 1955 yil (muallif ostida berilgan).
  282. ^ Google Books. LOC, Mualliflik huquqi bo'yicha idora, 1929 yildagi mualliflik huquqiga oid yozuvlar katalogi.
  283. ^ Google Books. LOC, Mualliflik huquqi bo'yicha idora, 1930 yil uchun mualliflik huquqiga oid yozuvlar katalogi. Internet-arxiv orqali kirish.
  284. ^ Har yili nashr etiladi R. R. Bowker Co., Nyu-York, 45-chi st. Ular chang ko'ylagi ni ommaviy ravishda kitob do'konlariga sotishdi. Bowker shuningdek, ularga chakana savdogarning nomi va manzilini yozib qo'yadi. O'quvchilar 1. O'quvchilar 2. Umumiy.

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