Mamlakatlar bo'yicha elektromobillardan foydalanish - Electric car use by country

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2019 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra global transport vositalarining mintaqaviy yoki mamlakat bozorlarida eng ko'p sotiladigan elektr toki bilan ishlaydigan plagin^[yangilash].

Elektr avtomobillariga ulanishni taqqoslash Aholi jon boshiga tanlangan eng ko'p sotilgan mamlakatlar va mintaqaviy bozorlarda 2018 yil dekabr holatiga 1000 kishiga plaginli mashinalar sifatida^[yangilash].

Mamlakatlar bo'yicha elektromobillardan foydalanish qabul qilinishi kabi dunyo bo'ylab farq qiladi plaginli elektr transport vositalari iste'molchilar talabi, bozordagi narxlar, quvvat oluvchi infratuzilmaning mavjudligi va sotib olish uchun imtiyozlar va uzoq muddatli tartibga solish signallari kabi davlat siyosati ta'sir qiladi (ZEV mandatlar, CO
2 emissiya qoidalari, yoqilg'i tejamkorligi standartlar va ichki yonuv dvigatellari vositalarini bosqichma-bosqich o'chirish ).^[1]

Plug-in elektr transport vositalari (PEV) odatda butunlay elektrga bo'linadi yoki akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalari (BEV), faqat batareyalar bilan ishlaydi va plaginli duragaylar (PHEV), bu batareyani quvvatini ichki yonish dvigatellari bilan birlashtiradi. Elektr transport vositalarining mashhurligi hukumat tomonidan beriladigan subsidiyalar, ularning turkumi va akkumulyator batareyalarining arzonligi hamda atrof-muhitga sezgirligi tufayli tez sur'atlar bilan kengayib bormoqda. Biroq, plaginli elektromobillar zaxirasi har 200 kishidan atigi 1tasini tashkil etdi avtotransport vositalari 2019 yil oxiriga kelib dunyo yo'llarida (0,48%), shundan toza elektrlar 0,32% ni tashkil etdi.^[2]

Yengil yuk mashinalari uchun avtomagistrallarning global kümülativ savdosi 2016 yil oxirida 2 million donaga etdi,^[3] 2017 yil noyabr oyida 3 million,^[4] va 2018 yil dekabrida 5 millionlik bosqich.^[5] 2019 yil oxiriga kelib yengil yuk mashinalari zaxirasi 7,5 million donani tashkil etdi.^[6] Plaginli yengil avtomobillar savdosi 2019 yilda yangi avtoulovlarning 2,5 foiz bozor ulushiga erishdi, 2018 yilda 2,1 foizdan 2017 yilda 1,3 foizga o'sdi.^[7][8][9] PEV bozori to'liq elektr batareyali transport vositalariga o'tmoqda. BEV va PHEV o'rtasidagi global nisbat 2012 yilda 56:44 dan 2015 yilda 60:40 gacha, 2019 yilda 74:26 ga ko'tarildi.^[7][10]

2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Xitoy 3,4 million donaga ega bo'lgan avtomobil yo'llarining eng katta qonuniy plaginli yengil avtomobillari zaxirasiga ega bo'lib, foydalanilayotgan global parkning 47 foizini tashkil etdi. Xitoy ham plaginni boshqaradi engil tijorat vositasi va elektr avtobus 2019 yilda uning zaxirasi 500 mingdan ortiq avtobusga, 98 foiz global zaxiraga va 247 500 elektr yengil tijorat transport vositalariga, 65 foiz global parkga to'g'ri keladi.^[1]

2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Qo'shma Shtatlar 1.45 million plaginli mashinalar, global aktsiyalarning 20%,^[11][12] bilan Kaliforniya deyarli 670,000 plaginli mashinalari bo'lgan AQShning eng yirik plagin mintaqaviy bozori sifatida 2019 yil dekabrgacha sotilgan.^[13][14][15]Evropa 2019 yil oxirida 1,7 million plaginli yo'lovchi avtomobili bo'lgan, bu jahon aktsiyalarining 25 foizini tashkil etadi.^[1] Evropada 115 mingdan ortiq birlikka ega bo'lgan 2019 yilda jahon aktsiyalarining 31 foizini tashkil etadigan ikkinchi eng yirik elektr tijorat transport vositalari zaxiralari mavjud.^[1]

Norvegiya 2019 yil oxirigacha ro'yxatdan o'tgan 384 mingdan ortiq engil plaginlari bilan Evropaning etakchi mamlakati hisoblanadi.^[16]Norvegiya eng yuqori ko'rsatkichga ega bozorga kirish Aholi jon boshiga dunyoda,^[17] va shuningdek, dunyodagi eng katta plagin segmentiga ega bozor ulushi yangi avtomobillar savdosi, 2019 yilda 42%.^[18] Norvegiya yo'llaridagi barcha yo'lovchi avtoulovlarining 10% dan ortig'i 2018 yil oktyabr oyida plaginlar bo'lib, 2019 yilda 13% gacha ko'tarildi.^[1][19] Nederlandiya 2019 yilga kelib dunyodagi eng yuqori zaryadlovchi stantsiyalariga ega.^[20]

Tarix

2011 yildan 2019 yilgacha BEV va PHEVlarning global sotuvi o'rtasidagi nisbat evolyutsiyasi.^[7][8][10]

Ning global zaxirasi plaginli elektr transport vositalari (PEV) 2005 yildan 2009 yilgacha faqat elektromobillardan iborat edi (BEV ), 2005 yilda jami 1700 donani, 2009 yilda esa qariyb 6000 donani tashkil etdi. Plugin stoklari 2010 yilda taxminan 12500 donaga ko'tarildi, shulardan 350 tasi plaginli duragaylar (PHEVlar).^[21][22] Taqqoslash uchun, davomida Oltin asr 20-asrning boshlarida elektromobilning EV zaxirasi taxminan 30,000 avtomobilga yetdi.^[23] Kiritilgandan so'ng Nissan Leaf va Chevrolet Volt 2010 yil dekabr oyi oxirida yirik ishlab chiqaruvchilar tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan birinchi ulanadigan elektr avtomobillar, plaginlar savdosi 2011 yilda qariyb 50 ming donaga, 2012 yilda 125 ming donaga, 2013 yilda esa qariyb 213 ming avtomobil va kommunal furgonlar o'sdi. Sotish hajmi 315 mingdan oshdi donani tashkil etdi, bu 2013 yilga nisbatan 48% ga ko'pdir.^[24] 2014 yil mart oyida Norvegiya yo'llarda har 100 yo'lovchi avtoulovidan bittasi plagin bo'lgan birinchi mamlakat bo'ldi,^[25] va 2018 yil oktyabr oyiga qadar Norvegiyada ro'yxatdan o'tgan har 10 yo'lovchi avtoulovining 1tasi plagin edi.^[19]

Besh yil ichida avtomobil yo'llarining qonuniy yengil ulanadigan transport vositalarining global savdosi o'n baravar oshdi, 2015 yilda jami 565 ming donadan oshdi - bu asosan Xitoy va Evropa tomonidan boshqariladigan 2014 yilga nisbatan 80 foizga o'sdi.^[24] 2016 yilda taxminan 775 mingta plaginli elektromobillar va furgonlar sotilgan, 2017 yilda esa 1,22 million (2016 yildagiga nisbatan 57 foizga ko'p) sotilgan bo'lib, jahon sotuvlarining qariyb yarmi Xitoyga tegishli.^[3][26][27] Engil ishlaydigan yangi plagin segmentining global bozordagi ulushi 2016 yilda 0,86% dan 2014 yilda 0,38% ga o'sgan holda 2017 yilda 1,3% ga etdi.^[9][28] Avtotransport vositalarining global savdosi 2017 yil noyabr oyida 3 million marradan oshdi^[4] va 2018 yil oxirida 5 mln.^[5] Global sotuvlar 2018 yilda 2 018 247 ta plaginli yengil avtomobillarni tashkil etdi, bu 2017 yildagiga nisbatan 72 foizga, bozor ulushi 2,1 foizga teng.^[8] BEV: PHEV nisbati 2018 yilda 69:31 ga, 2019 yilda 74:26 ga ko'tarildi.^[7][8] 2019 yil oxiriga kelib yengil ulanadigan avtoulovlar zaxirasi 7,5 million donani tashkil etdi.^[6] 2019 yilda jahon miqyosidagi sotuvlar 2 209 831 donaga ko'tarilib, global bozor ulushi 2,5 foizni tashkil etdi.^[7] Yilda sotiladigan PEV va gibrid avtomobillarning umumiy soni Yevropa Ittifoqi 2020 yil iyulida rekord o'rnatdi, bu sotilgan engil avtomobillarning umumiy sonining 18 foizini tashkil etdi. Shuningdek, bu bir oy ichida 200 mingdan ortiq elektromobillar sotilishi birinchi marta sodir bo'ldi.^[29]

2011 yildan beri dunyoning eng yaxshi bozorlarida har yili yengil ishlaydigan elektr transport vositalarining sotilishi.^{[30][9][17][24][iqtibos kerak ]}

2015 yildan 2019 yilgacha bo'lgan davrda Xitoy, Evropa va Qo'shma Shtatlardagi engil yuk mashinalarining yangi ulanishi.^[31]

Statistika

Xulosa

Engil ishlaydigan elektr transport vositalarining zaxiralari, aholi jon boshiga egalik huquqi, bozorga kirish darajasi, yillik sotuvlar va so'nggi eng yaxshi sotilgan mamlakatlar va mintaqaviy bozorlarda bozor ulushi

Mamlakat	PEV aktsiyalari / jami sotish (2018)[men]	Aholisi millionlab (2018)	Aksiya 1000 kishiga to'g'ri keladi (2018)	Aksiya Yo'lda avtoulovlarning%[ii]	Yillik savdo (2018)	Bozor ulushi (2019)
Xitoy[iii][iv]	2,243,772[62][63]	1,394.2	1.6	0.94% (2018)[64]	1,016,002[63][iii]	4.9%
AQSH[iii]	1,126,000[12]	328.5	3.4	0.45% (2018)	361,307[12]	2.1%
Norvegiya[v][iv]	296,215[65]	5.3	55.9	10.7% (2018)[66]	86,290[67]	55.9%
Yaponiya[iii][vi][iv]	257,363[62][68]	126.3	2.0	Yo'q	52,013[68]	0.9%
Buyuk Britaniya	197,000[69]	66.0	3.2	0.2% (2016)[70]	59,911[iii][71]	2.9%
Frantsiya	204,617[45][72][73][74]	67.0	3.1	0.2% (2016)[70]	53,745[74]	2.8%
Germaniya[iii]	196,750[3][75][76]	82.9	2.4	0.1% (2016)[70]	67,504[76]	3.0%
Gollandiya[iv]	145,882[77]	17.3	8.4	1.7% (2018)	29,187[77]	15.1%
Kanada[iii]	81,435[vii][78]	37.3	2.2[vii]	0.14% (2020)	33,879[vii][78]	3.0%
Shvetsiya[iv]	79,579[62][79]	10.2	7.8	0.6% (2016)[70]	29,909[79]	11.4%
Evropa (Evropa Ittifoqi + 2)[viii]	1,346,435[3][80][81][82]	526.7	2.6	0.5% (2018)	406,052[80][82]	3.6%
Kaliforniya[iii]	526,199[17][14]	39.6	13.3	2.1% (2018)	157,659[14]	7.7%
Global jami[iii]	5,127,297[8][62]	7,700	0.7	0.4% (2018)[83]	2,018,247[8]	2.5%
Izohlar ^ Belgilangan holatlar bundan mustasno, avtomagistralning engil engil transport vositalarini sotish yoki ro'yxatdan o'tkazishni o'z ichiga oladi ^ Bozorga kirib borish - bu qo'shilgan yo'lovchi avtoulovlar soni, ro'yxatdan o'tgan avtoulovlar zaxiralari yoki umumiy sonining foiziga nisbatan. Mavjud so'nggi yil ma'lumotlari ^ a b v d e f g h men Faqatgina plaginli elektr yo'lovchi vagonlarini o'z ichiga oladi ^ a b v d e 2018 yil oxirida ro'yxatdan o'tgan plaginlar zaxirasi ^ Ishlatilgan importni ro'yxatdan o'tkazishni o'z ichiga oladi ^ Kei mashinalari Yaponiya bozor ulushini baholash uchun kiritilmagan ^ a b v 2018 yil sentyabr oyidagi ko'rsatkich[yangilash] ^ Evropa raqamlari mos keladi Yevropa Ittifoqi a'zo davlatlar va ikkitadan EFTA mamlakatlar (Norvegiya va Shveytsariya)

Aksiya

Yengil ishlaydigan elektr transport vositalarining jami savdosi yoki aktsiyalari, jon boshiga egalik,
va yuqori qismida bozorning kirib borishi PEV 2018 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra sotiladigan mamlakatlar va mintaqaviy bozorlar^[yangilash]

Mamlakat	PEV aktsiyalari / jami sotuvlar[men]			Aholisi 2018 (million)	Plaginli avtoulovlar 1000 kishiga to'g'ri keladi (2018)	Plug-in yo'lovchi yo'lda mashinalar[ii]
	2019	2018	2017
Xitoy[iii][iv]		2,243,772[62][63]	1,227,770[62]	1,394.2	1.6	0.94% (2018)[84]
AQSH[iii]		1,126,000[12]	764,666[85][86]	328.5	3.4	0.45% (2018)
Norvegiya[v][iv]		296,215[65]	209,122[65]	5.3	55.9	10.7% (2018)[87]
Yaponiya[iii][vi][iv]		257,363[62][68]	205,350[62]	126.3	2.0	Yo'q
Buyuk Britaniya		197,000[69]	137,000[69]	66.0	3.2	0.2% (2016)[70]
Frantsiya		204,617[45][72][73][74]	149,797[45][72][73]	67.0	3.1	0.2% (2016)[70]
Germaniya[iii]		196,750[3][75][76]	129,246[3][75]	82.9	2.4	0.1% (2016)[70]
Gollandiya[iv]		145,882[77]	121,540[77]	17.3	8.4	1.7% (2018)
Kanada[iii]		81,435[vii][78]	45,950[62]	37.3	2.2[vii]	0.14% (2020)
Shvetsiya[iv]		79,579[62][79]	49,670[62]	10.2	7.8	0.6% (2016)[70]
Global jami[iii]		5,127,297[8][62]	3,109,050[62]	7,700	0.7	0.4% (2018)[83]
Tanlangan mintaqaviy bozorlarda yengil ishlaydigan plaginlarni yig'ish registratsiyasi
Evropa (Evropa Ittifoqi + 2)[viii]		1,346,435[3][80][81][82]	940,383[3][80][81]	526.7	2.6	0.5% (2018)
Kaliforniya[iii]		526,199[17][14]	368,540[17][14]	39.6	13.3	2.1% (2018)
Xitoyning barcha sinf segmentlari uchun plaginli transport vositalarining jami savdosi[88][89][90][91][92]
Xitoy[ix] (barcha sinf segmentlari)		2,984,447[3][93][94]	1,728,447[3][93]
Izohlar ^ Belgilangan holatlar bundan mustasno, avtomagistralning engil engil transport vositalarini sotish yoki ro'yxatga olishni o'z ichiga oladi ^ Bozorga kirib borish - bu qo'shilgan yo'lovchi avtoulovlar soni, ro'yxatdan o'tgan avtoulovlar zaxiralari yoki umumiy sonining foiziga nisbatan. Mavjud so'nggi yil ma'lumotlari ^ a b v d e f g Faqatgina plaginli elektr yo'lovchi vagonlarini o'z ichiga oladi ^ a b v d e 2018 yil oxirida ro'yxatdan o'tgan plaginlar zaxirasi ^ Ishlatilgan importni ro'yxatdan o'tkazishni o'z ichiga oladi ^ Kei mashinalari Yaponiya bozor ulushini baholash uchun kiritilmagan ^ a b 2018 yil sentyabr oyidagi ko'rsatkich[yangilash] ^ Evropa raqamlari mos keladi Yevropa Ittifoqi a'zo davlatlar va ikkitadan EFTA mamlakatlar (Norvegiya va Shveytsariya) ^ Avtobuslar va yuk mashinalari kabi yo'lovchi plaginlari va og'ir tijorat transport vositalarini o'z ichiga oladi

Yillik savdo

Yengil ishlaydigan plaginli elektr transport vositasining yillik sotuvi^[men] tepada PEV sotuvchi mamlakatlar va mintaqaviy bozorlar

Mamlakat	2019	2018	2017
Xitoy	1,204,000[95]	1,016,002[63][ii]	579,000[93][ii]
Qo'shma Shtatlar[ii]	329,528[11]	361,307[12]	199,818[12]
Norvegiya[iii]		86,290[67]	71,737[96]
Yaponiya[ii][iv]		52,013[68]	54,100[62]
Buyuk Britaniya	72,584[97]	59,911[ii][71]	49,182[ii][71]
Frantsiya		53,745[74]	42,799[74]
Germaniya[ii]	108,839[98]	67,504[76]	54,492[75]
Gollandiya		29,187[77]	11,085[77]
Kanada[ii]		33,879[v][78]	18,746[78]
Shvetsiya	41,784[99]	29,909[79]	19,793[79]
Global jami[ii]		2,018,247[8]	1,148,700[62]
Tanlangan mintaqaviy bozorlarda yengil ishlaydigan plaginlarni yig'ish registratsiyasi
Evropa (Evropa Ittifoqi + 2)[vi]		406,052[80][82]	302,383[80][81]
Kaliforniya[ii]		157,659[14]	98,540[14]
Xitoyning barcha sinf segmentlari uchun plaginli transport vositalarining jami savdosi[88][89][90][91][92]
Xitoy[vii] (barcha sinf segmentlari)		1,256,000[94]	777,000[93]
Izohlar ^ Belgilangan holatlar bundan mustasno, avtomagistralning engil engil transport vositalarini sotish yoki ro'yxatga olishni o'z ichiga oladi ^ a b v d e f g h men j Faqatgina plaginli elektr yo'lovchi vagonlarini o'z ichiga oladi ^ Ishlatilgan importni ro'yxatdan o'tkazishni o'z ichiga oladi ^ Kei mashinalari Yaponiya bozor ulushini baholash uchun kiritilmagan ^ 2018 yil sentyabr oyidagi ko'rsatkich[yangilash] ^ Evropa raqamlari mos keladi Yevropa Ittifoqi a'zo davlatlar va ikkitadan EFTA mamlakatlar (Norvegiya va Shveytsariya) ^ Avtobuslar va yuk mashinalari kabi yo'lovchi plaginlari va og'ir tijorat transport vositalarini o'z ichiga oladi

Bozor ulushi

2013 yildan beri tanlangan mamlakatlar va tanlangan mintaqaviy bozorlar uchun yangi sotilgan avtomobillarning umumiy hajmidagi yo'lovchilarning ulanadigan ulushi

Mamlakat	2019[100]	2018	2017	2016[17][101]	2015[102][103]	2014[104]	2013[105]
Norvegiya[18][67][96]	55.9%	49.1%	39.2%	29.1%	22.4%	13.8%	6.1%
Islandiya[106][107][108][109]	22.6%	19%	14.05%	4.6%	2.93%	2.71%	0.94%
Gollandiya[77][110]	15.1%	6.5%	2.6%	6.7%	9.9%	3.87%	5.55%
Shvetsiya[79][111][112]	11.4%	8.2%	5.2%	3.5%	2.62%	1.53%	0.71%
Finlyandiya[106][113][114]	6.9%	4.7%	2.57%	1.2%	Yo'q	Yo'q	Yo'q
Portugaliya[115]	5.7%	3.6%	1.9%	Yo'q	Yo'q	Yo'q	Yo'q
Shveytsariya[106][116][117]	5.5%	3.2%	2.55%	1.8%	1.98%	0.75%	0.44%
Xitoy[26][104][118][119][120]	4.9%	4.2%	2.1%	1.31%	0.84%	0.23%	0.08%
Andorra[121]			5.6%	0.81%	Yo'q	Yo'q	Yo'q
Daniya[122][123][124]	4.2%	2%	0.4%	0.6%	2.29%	0.88%	0.29%
Avstriya[106][125][126][127]	3.5%	2.6%	2.06%	1.6%	0.90%	Yo'q	Yo'q
Belgiya[106][128][129]	3.2%	2.5%	2.7%	1.8%	Yo'q	Yo'q	Yo'q
Irlandiya[130][131]	3.1%	1.57%	0.72%	0.48%	0.46%	0.27%	Yo'q
Germaniya[75][76][104][118][132]	3.0%	1.9%	1.58%	1.1%	0.73%	0.43%	0.25%
Kanada[78][133]	3.0%	2.2%	0.92%	0.58%	0.35%	0.28%	0.18%
Buyuk Britaniya[71][134][135]	2.9%	2.53%	1.86%	1.37%	1.07%	0.59%	0.16%
Frantsiya[men][73][74]	2.8%	2.11%	1.98%	1.4%	1.19%	0.70%	0.83%
Yangi Zelandiya[136]	2.8%	0.96%	0.72%	0.50%	0.23%	0.21%	Yo'q
Qo'shma Shtatlar[86][137][138][139]	2.1%	2.1%	1.13%	0.90%	0.66%	0.72%	0.60%
Yaponiya[30][68][140]	0.9%	1.0%	1.1%	0.59%	0.68%	1.06%	0.91%
Global o'rtacha[8][9][141][142]	2.5%	2.1%	1.3%	0.86%	0.7%	0.4%	0.3%
Kaliforniya[14][143][144]	7.7%	7.8%	4.8%	3.6%	3.1%	3.2%	2.5%
Evropa[82][106][145][146][147][148][ii][149]	3.6%	2.5%	1.74%	1.3%	1.41%	0.66%	0.49%
Gonkong[150][151]	5%			5%	4.84%		0.39%
Izohlar ^ Frantsiyaning bozor ulushi faqat sotiladigan BEV yo'lovchi avtomobillari va kommunal furgonlar bilan birgalikda sotishga to'g'ri keladi (PHEVlar hisobga olinmaydi).[152] ^ Evropa raqamlari mos keladi Yevropa Ittifoqi a'zo davlatlar va ikkitadan EFTA mamlakatlar (Norvegiya va Shveytsariya)

Albaniya

Albaniya barcha elektr energiyasini gidroelektr energiyasidan ishlab chiqargani sababli elektromobillar chiqindilari bo'yicha eng yaxshi mamlakatlardan biri hisoblanadi.^[153][154] Hozirda Albaniya politsiyasi tomonidan elektromobillardan foydalanilmoqda.^[155] Ichki ishlar vazirining ta'kidlashicha, yoqilg'ining har 100 km (62 milya) narxi 120 Albaniya leki (1 evrodan kam) dan kam bo'ladi.^[155] Saytaxi - bu Albaniyada elektr transport vositalarini taklif qiladigan va tezkor EV (elektr transport vositalari) zaryadlash punktini boshqaradigan va mamlakatda 2014 yildan buyon faoliyat yuritib kelayotgan birinchi taksi kompaniyasi. Uning maqsadi barcha elektr bo'lmagan avtomobillarning 80 foizini elektr energiyasi bilan almashtirishdir. taksi biznesi.^[156]

2017 yil 31-oktabrda Tirana Evropa poytaxtlaridan biri bo'lib, ular avtoulovni sinovdan o'tkazishda foydalangan Solaris Urbino 12, ifloslanishni kamaytirish maqsadida.^[157] Tiranning maqsadi - avtobuslar parkining bosqichma-bosqich 10 dan 20 foizigacha elektr transportiga aylantirish.^[157]

Avstraliya

2009 yil o'rtalaridan boshlab o'n ikki oylik dala sinovlari o'tkazildi Mitsubishi i-MiEV davlat organlari va park operatorlari kabi elektr transport vositalarining potentsial mijozlari bilan.^[158] IMiEV 2013 yilgacha Avstraliyada eng ko'p sotiladigan elektr transport vositasi bo'lib qoldi.^[159][160] The Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, 2014 yilda Avstraliyaning eng ko'p sotilgan EViga aylandi^[161] va joriy etilgandan beri 2015 dona sotilganligi bilan 2016 yilda etakchi bo'lib qoldi.^[162] 2015 yil mart oyi oxirida Tesla Model S-ning ro'yxatdan o'tishlari Yangi Janubiy Uelsda 119 tani va Viktoriyada 54 tani tashkil etdi. Tesla uchun boshqa shtatlarda hech qanday savdo ko'rsatkichlari qayd etilmagan bo'lsa-da, bu ikkalasining umumiy sotuvi Model S uchun 2015 yilning birinchi choragida BMW i3 (46) va Nissan-dan oldin, eng ko'p sotilgan BEV avtomobillari qatoriga kirishi uchun etarli edi. Barg (31).^[163] 2016 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], 2012 yilda taqdim etilganidan beri taxminan 1000 ta barg sotilgan edi.^[164]

Chargepoint - Avstraliyadagi zaryadlash tarmog'ining yagona yirik operatori.^[165]

2019 yilda Avstraliyadagi muxolifat hukumati 2030 yilga qadar 50% elektr transport vositalarini ishlab chiqarishni taklif qildi.^[166] 2019 yilda hukumat tahlili, shuningdek, 2035 yilga qadar Avstraliyada sotiladigan barcha yangi avtomobillarning 50% hozirgi yo'lda elektr bo'ladi, deb taxmin qilgan.^[167]

Viktoriya Avstraliyaning eng muhim elektr transport vositalari bozori bo'lib, 2011 yildan 2017 yilgacha Avstraliyada eng ko'p elektr transport vositalarini sotib olganligi va jami 1324 ta avtomobil savdosi bilan.^[168] Viktoriya shuningdek, Avstraliyaning eng muhim elektr transport vositalari bozori hisoblanadi, chunki u mamlakatda elektr transport vositalarini zaryadlovchi qurilmalari eng ko'p bo'lgan.^[168] Xuddi shu tarzda, Viktoriyaning poytaxti Melburnda 2017 yilda Avstraliyada elektr transport vositalarining zaryadlovchilari eng yuqori kontsentratsiyasi bo'lgan.^[168] Viktoriya, Avstraliyaning poytaxt hududi, Yangi Janubiy Uels, Janubiy Avstraliya va Kvinslend elektr avtomobillari sotish bo'yicha mamlakatning eng yirik bozorlarini namoyish etadi.^[168]

2019 yil iyul oyidan boshlab, Avstraliya hukumati kam chiqindilarli transport vositalarini saralash uchun yuqori hashamatli soliq chegarasini taklif qiladi va Viktoriya shtati va Avstraliyaning poytaxt hududi elektr transport vositalarini sotib olish va egalik qilish uchun imtiyozlar taklif qiladi. marka bojidan ozod qilish va ro'yxatdan o'tkazishda chegirmalar. Biroq, ACT Avstraliyadagi har qanday shtatning elektr transport vositalarini sotib olish uchun eng moliyaviy va moliyaviy bo'lmagan imtiyozlarni taklif etadi.^[168]

Avstriya

Yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) sotilishi 2015 yildagi 1677 tadan 2018 yilda 6764 taga ko'tarildi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 4913 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy savdo hajmining 2,8 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

Belgiya

Elektromobillar savdosi 2009 yilda 97 donadan 2010 yilda 116 taga, 2011 yilda 425 taga, 2012 yilda 900 taga ko'tarildi. Ikkinchisidan atigi 350 dona jismoniy shaxslarga sotildi.^[171] Keyinchalik, yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) savdosi 2015 yildagi 1358 tadan 2018 yilda 3647 taga ko'tarildi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 4601 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy savdo hajmining 1,5 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

Belgiya hukumati BEVlar uchun xaridlarni rag'batlantirishni o'rnatdi, 2012 yilda tugaydi.^[172] Gibridlar mos emas edi.^{[173][174][175]} Alohida subsidiya davlat zaryad stantsiyalariga investitsiyalarni qo'llab-quvvatladi.^[173]

Braziliya

Nissan Leaf da taksi vazifasini bajaradi Santos Dyumont aeroporti namoyish dasturining bir qismi sifatida Rio-de-Janeyro.

Ekologik Vagas: kam chiqindi gazli transport vositalari uchun ajratilgan to'xtash joylari Braziliya.

2015 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 2 214 ta gibrid va elektr transport vositalari ro'yxatdan o'tkazildi San-Paulu shtati^[176] 2013 yil mart oyida dastlabki ikkita barg joylashtirildi Rio-de-Janeyro taksilar sifatida ishlash.^[177] 2014 yil sentyabr oyida BMW i3 chakana mijozlar uchun mavjud bo'lgan birinchi EV bo'ldi. 2016 yil iyun holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], boshqa chakana plaginlar edi BMW i8 va Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV.^[178]

Plaginlar va duragaylar soliqqa tortiladi, chakana narxning 120% dan ortig'i qo'shiladi.^{[179][180][181]}

2014 yil may oyida San-Paulu Shahar EVni ozod qilish uchun shahar qonunini qabul qildi, duragaylar va yonilg'i kamerasi vositalari shaharda harakatlanishni cheklash sxemasidan (shuningdek qarang.) yo'lning kosmik normasi # San-Paulu ) va imtiyozlarni sotib olish.^[176][182]

2018 yil aprel oyida San-Xose dos Kampos shahri politsiya va hukumat tomonidan foydalanish uchun 30 ta elektr transport vositalariga buyurtma berdi.^[183]

2019 yil mart oyida Renault avtoulovni chiqardi Zoe Braziliyada va 2019 yil aprelda, Jak da E40 Braziliyada eng arzon elektromobil sifatida chiqarildi R $ 129.990 yil, Nissan Barg 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida Braziliyada chiqarilishi kerak

Bolgariya

Bolgariyada 2018 yil mart oyi oxiriga qadar 560 ta elektr mototsikl va 520 ta elektromobil rasmiy ravishda ro'yxatdan o'tgan.^[184] 2020 yil boshiga kelib Bolgariyada elektromobillarning umumiy soni kamida 1100 donani tashkil etadi.^[185] Yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) savdosi 2015 yilda 21 dan 2018 yilda 194 taga ko'tarildi, 2016 yilda atigi 6 ta. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 141 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy savdo hajmining 0,7 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

Hukumat elektromobillarni sotib olish uchun grantlar bermaydi, lekin hech bo'lmaganda ularga yo'l solig'ini qo'llamaydi. Markaziy shahar to'xtash zonalarida elektr transport vositalarini to'xtatish ham bepul.

2012 yilda "yashil taksi" gibrid kabinalari xizmatga kirdi Sofiya.^[186][187] 2017 yilda sinov elektr avtobuslari qo'shildi Sofiyaning jamoat transporti parki^[188] va 2018 va 2019 yillarda 35 ta yangi elektr avtobuslar xizmatga o'tdi.^[189] Taxminlarga ko'ra, 2021 yilga kelib Sofiya avtobus parkining 20 foizi elektr energiyasi bilan ta'minlanadi.^[190] Kabi boshqa shahar va qishloqlar Plovdiv, Pernik va Haskovo elektr avtobuslariga ham buyurtma berishmoqda.^{[191][192][193]}

Birinchi avtomobil almashish Bolgariyadagi Spark.bg kompaniyasi faqat elektromobillardan foydalanadi va 2020 yil avgust holatiga ko'ra Sofiyada 500 ga yaqin elektr transport vositasi va 200 dan ortiq mavjud quvvatlantirish stantsiyalari mavjud.^[194][195] Kuryer kompaniyasi Speedy 20 ta elektrdan foydalanadi Renault Kangoo.

Kanada

The Chevrolet Volt Kanadada har doim eng ko'p sotiladigan EV hisoblanadi. Bu erda Volts parki ko'rsatilgan quyosh energiyasi bilan ishlaydi zaryadlash stantsiyasi yilda Toronto.

Kanadadagi plaginli elektr yo'lovchi avtoulovlar zaxirasi 2017 yil oxirida 45650 donani tashkil etdi, bu 23620 to'liq elektromobillar va 22330 plaginli duragaylardan iborat.^[62] Plagin segmentining bozor ulushi 2017 yil dekabr oyida barcha yangi sotilgan avtomobillarning 1,4 foizini va 2017 yil uchun 0,9 foizni tashkil etdi.^[196] The Chevrolet Volt PHEV-ning eng ko'p sotilgani bo'lib, 2017 yil dekabrgacha 13,619 dona kümülativ sotuvlar bilan va Tesla Model S 2017 yilning dekabr oyiga qadar 6731 dona sotilgan BEV-ning eng ko'p sotilgani bo'ldi.^[196]

Yangi EVlarni sotib olish va boshqa imtiyozlar Kvebek provinsiyalari tomonidan taklif etiladi^{[197][198][199]} va Britaniya Kolumbiyasi.^[200][201]

2016 yil oktyabr oyida, Kvebek qabul qilgan yirik avtomobil ishlab chiqaruvchilarga 2018 yilda 3,5% dan boshlanib, 2020 yilda 15,5% gacha ko'tarilgan PHEV va BEV modellarini tobora ko'payib borishini taklif qiladigan qonunlar qabul qilindi. savdo kredit tizimi.

Xitoy

Yillik savdo yangi energiya vositalari 2011 yildan 2019 yilgacha Xitoyda.

Xitoy dunyodagi eng yirik elektr avtomobil bozoridir. 2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Xitoy 3,4 million donaga ega bo'lgan eng katta avtoulovlarning qonuniy plaginli minadigan avtoulovlariga ega edi, bu ishlatilayotgan global parkning 47%.^[1] Xitoy ham plaginni boshqaradi engil tijorat vositasi va elektr avtobus 2019 yilda uning zaxirasi 500 mingdan ortiq avtobusga, 98 foiz global zaxiraga va 247 500 elektr yengil tijorat transport vositalariga, 65 foiz global parkga to'g'ri keladi. Bundan tashqari, mamlakat o'rta va og'ir elektr yuk mashinalarini sotishda etakchilik qilmoqda, 12 mingdan ortiq yuk mashinalari va deyarli barcha akkumulyatorlar sotilmoqda.^[1] 2011 yildan boshlab barcha sinflarning birlashtirilgan savdosi yangi energiya vositalari (NEV) 2019 yil oxirida deyarli 4.2 millionga etdi.^{[26][94][202][95][203]}

Mahalliy ishlab chiqarilgan transport vositalari ulangan elektr transport vositalarining umumiy sotilishining taxminan 96% ni tashkil etdi.^[26][204] 2018 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], NEV aktsiyalari 2 369 088 to'liq elektr transport vositalaridan (79,4%) va 641 359 plaginli gibrid transport vositalaridan (20,6%) iborat edi.^{[26][39][94][205][206][207][208][209][210]} Kirish darajasidagi transport vositalari Xitoyning plaginli yo'lovchi bozorida ustunlik qilmoqda.^[94][211] 2017 va 2018 yillarda eng ko'p sotilgan elektromobil bu bo'ldi BAIC EC-seriyasi bilan mos ravishda 78 079 va 90 637 dona sotilgan.^[26][63] Bundan oldin, eng ko'p sotilgan plagin vositasi bu edi BYD Tang 2016 yilda 31405 sotuvga chiqarilgan PHEV SUV.^{[212][213][214][215]}

Hukumat imtiyozlari

Xitoy hukumati 2009 yilda EV ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha dunyo etakchilaridan biri bo'lish rejasini qabul qildi. Rejada to'rtta maqsad mavjud: dunyoda etakchi sanoatni yaratish; energiya xavfsizligi; shaharlarni qisqartirish havoning ifloslanishi; va kamaytirish uchun uglerod chiqindilari.^[216][217] 2012 yil iyun oyida Davlat kengashi mahalliy sanoatni rivojlantirish rejasini e'lon qildi. Rejada 2015 yilga kelib 500 mingta yangi EV va 2020 yilga qadar 5 million yangi EV sotilishi belgilangan edi.^[218][219] Dastlab sotish kutilganidan ancha past edi, aksariyat mahsulot jamoat parklari uchun sotib olindi. 2014 yilda yangi imtiyozlar berildi, ularning savdo hajmi 2014 yilga qadar 160 ming donani tashkil etdi.^[220][221] Ushbu maqsadga ham erishilmadi.

Xitoy hukumati bu atamani qo'llaydi yangi energiya vositalari (NEV) plaginlarni va elektrlarni belgilash uchun. Faqatgina EVlar sotib olishni rag'batlantirish huquqiga ega.^[222] Xitoy hukumati "Energiyani tejash va elektr transport vositalari" strategiyasini ilgari surdi. Ushbu strategiyaning siyosat choralari asosan EV xaridorlarini subsidiyalash bo'yicha uchuvchilarni amalga oshirishga, quvvat oluvchi inshootlarni qurishga ko'maklashishga va EVlarni tijoratlashtirishni tezlashtirishga qaratilgan.^[223] 2010 yil 1 iyunda hukumat beshta shaharda moddiy rag'batlantirish uchun sinov dasturini e'lon qildi.^[224][225] 2013 yil Milliy taraqqiyot va islohotlar komissiyasi va moliya, fan va sanoat vazirliklari tomonidan qo'shma e'lon maksimal darajada taqdim etildi 9800 AQSh dollari yo'lovchilar uchun BEV transport vositasini sotib olish va elektrobuslar uchun 81,600 AQSh dollarigacha.^[226] 2016 yil aprel oyida Yo'l harakati boshqarmasi Jamoat xavfsizligi vazirligi avtoulovlarning imtiyozli siyosatini engillashtirish uchun maxsus yashil raqamli raqamlarni e'lon qildi.^[227]

Chili

Mitsubishi i-MiEV Chilida

Mitsubishi i-MiEV^[228][229] Chilidagi birinchi EV edi. Birinchi tezkor zaryadlash stantsiyasi 2011 yil aprel oyida ochilgan.^[230]

2014 yil avgust oyida Mitsubishi i-Miev-ni Outlander PHEV bilan almashtirdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Keyinchalik o'sha yili BMW o'zlarining "i" diapazonini i3 bilan taqdim etdi;^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Renault Zero Emission (Z.E.) qatorini ishga tushirdi, shu jumladan Fluence Z.E. sedan, Kangoo yordamchi van va Zoe shahar avtomobili. Frantsiya brendi Chili bozorida birinchi oy ichida 22 ta elektr transport vositasini sotdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Kolumbiya

BEV Renault Twizy to'rtburchak velosiped Kolumbiyada eng ko'p sotiladigan elektr transport vositasidir.

Lotin Amerikasida 45 ta avtomobildan iborat birinchi akkumulyatorli elektr taksilar parki 2013 yil boshida Janubiy Amerikadagi o'sha paytdagi eng yirik elektr taksilar parki - Bogotada ishga tushirildi.^[231] Ushbu taksilar Pico y placa haydashni cheklash sxemasi. Dastur takomillashtirishga qaratilgan harakatdir havo sifati va o'rnak ko'rsating.^{[232][233][234]}

BMW i3 2014 yilda Kolumbiyada taqdim etilgan. BEV Renault Twizy to'rtburchak velosiped 2015 yil iyun oyida Kolumbiya bozoriga kiritilgan^[235] va 2015 yil oktyabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], 203 Twizys sotilgan edi.^[236] Outlander P-HEV sotuvi 2015 yil sentyabr oyida boshlanishi kerak edi.^[237] 2015 yil iyun holatiga ko'ra boshqa elektr transport vositalarining sotilishi yakunlandi^[yangilash], 35 Mitsubishi i-MiEV (elektr energiyasi kompaniyasi tomonidan sotib olingan), 25 ta BMW i3, 19 ta Renault Kangoos (korporativ xaridlar) va 4 ta Nissan Leafs (korporativ xaridlar).^[237]

2013 yilda hukumat EVni qabul qilishni rag'batlantirish uchun imtiyozlar yaratdi. Bunga ozod qilish kiradi haydashni cheklash sxemasi kabi Kolumbiya shaharlarida joyida Bogota va Medellin. Hukumat BEV va PHEV avtomashinalarini uch yil davomida import bojlaridan ozod qildi, yillik kvotada har bir turdagi 750 ta avtomobil.^[237]

Kosta-Rika

Mitsubishi i-MiEV Kosta-Rikadagi AQSh elchixonasi tomonidan sotib olingan.

2015 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Kosta-Rika zaxiralari elektr haydovchi vositalar 477 dan iborat edi gibrid elektr transport vositalari va 2229 ta elektr transport vositalari. Plaginli avtomobillar savdosi 2016 yilda 108 donani tashkil etdi.^[238] Eng ko'p sotilgan model 60 dona Outlander P-HEV edi.^[238]

2006 yilda elektromobillar ozod etildi iste'mol solig'i, odatiy transport vositalari esa 30% stavkaga duch keldi. 2012 yil oktyabr oyida elektromobillar ozod etildi San-Xose "s transport vositalarini boshqarish cheklovlari.^[239] EVlar import bojlaridan ozod qilindi va hukumat San-Xozedagi strategik joylarda zaryad stantsiyalarini joylashtirishga rozi bo'ldi.^[240]

Savdoga qo'yilgan birinchi elektromobil bu edi REVAi, 2009 yil mart oyida taqdim etilgan. REVAi, quvvatlanadi qo'rg'oshin-kislotali batareyalar, 10 dona sotilgan.^[241] Mitsubishi i MiEV 2011 yil fevral oyida ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lib, uning boshlang'ich narxi 25 dan 50 tagacha.^{[242][243][244]}

2013 yil yanvar oyida Kosta-Rikalik Atrof-muhit va energetika vazirligi "yashil taksilar" sifatida foydalanish uchun 200 ta elektr SUV-ni joylashtirdi. Kosta-Rikada sotiladigan elektr / gibrid avtomobillarga BYD Qin kiradi (2013 yil noyabr),^[245][246] Mitsubishi Outlander (2015 yil mart)^[247] va BMW i3 (2016 yil sentyabr).^[248]

Xorvatiya

2016 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Xorvatiyada 2067 ta elektromobil sotilgan.^[249][250] Ularning 224 tasi EV, qolganlari duragaylar edi.^[249] 2017 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Xorvatiyada 201 ta bepul davlat zaryad stantsiyalari ishlaydi.^[249]

2014 va 2015 yillarda Xorvatiya hukumati xaridlarni rag'batlantirishni boshladi.^[251][252] Subsidiyalar 2016 yilda samarasizligi sababli to'xtatilgan.^{[249][yangilanishga muhtoj ]}

Chex Respublikasi

Yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) savdosi 2015 yildagi 298 tadan 2018 yilda 703 taga ko'tarildi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 360 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy savdo hajmining 0,3 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

Daniya

2015 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Daniyada 4000 ga yaqin elektromobillar sotilgan edi.^[253] Daniya yengil, ulanadigan tijorat transporti vositalari yoki kommunal furgonlar uchun ikkinchi yirik Evropa bozori bo'lib, o'sha yili 2600 dan ziyod plagin sotilgan, bu sotilgan barcha furgonlarning 8,5 foizini tashkil etdi. Furgonlarning aksariyati plaginli duragaylar bo'lib, deyarli barcha Evropa Ittifoqi plaginlari savdosiga to'g'ri keladi.^[254] Hukumat tomonidan berilgan imtiyozlar muddati tugagandan so'ng, sotuvlar 2016 yilda 1300 ga yaqin elektromobillarga (BEV) tushib ketdi va 2017 yilda yana 700 ga yaqin toza elektromobillarga tushib ketdi. 2018 yilda yangi BEVni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish 1559 donaga etdi va 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 2595 dona sotildi.

Daniya savdosi sotib olishni rag'batlantirish muddati tugagunga qadar o'sdi va keyinchalik pasayib ketdi, 2017 yil iyul oyidan boshlab plagin bozoriga kirib borishi 0,1% ga etdi.^[yangilash].^[255] 2017 yil aprel oyida hukumat kreditni qisman tiklashni e'lon qildi,^[256] uchun yangi fond qo'shganda yonilg'i kamerasi vositalari.

2017 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], ro'yxatdan o'tgan to'liq elektromobillarning umumiy zaxirasi 8 746 donani tashkil etdi, bu 2016 yildagi 8643 ta elektromobildan bir oz yuqoriroq. Plaginli duragaylar sotuvi 2013 yilda sotilgan 5 tadan 2016 yilda 572 taga, 2017 yilda esa 621 taga o'sdi.^[257]

Estoniya

Estoniyada ikkita Mitsubishi i-MiEV. Estoniyadagi elektromobillarning aksariyati i-MiEVlardir.

2015 yil fevral oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 1188 ta plaginli transport vositalari ro'yxatdan o'tkazildi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Estoniya birinchi bo'lib uni joylashtirdi EV quvvat oluvchi tarmoq avtomobil yo'llari bo'ylab maksimal tezligi 40 dan 60 km gacha (25-37 milya) bo'lgan tezkor quvvat oluvchi qurilmalar bilan butun mamlakat bo'ylab qamrab olinadigan.^[258][259] 2012 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], butun mamlakat bo'ylab tarmoq 165 tezkor quvvat oluvchidan iborat edi.^{[260][261][262]}

2011 yilda hukumat Mitsubishi-ga 10 million sotilishini tasdiqladi karbonat angidrid kreditlari evaziga 507 i-MiEV elektromobillari. Bitimga 250 ta tez zaryadlash stantsiyalari va Evropa Ittifoqi tomonidan tasdiqlangan har qanday elektr energiyasining dastlabki 500 ta xususiy xaridorlari uchun subsidiyalar mablag'lari kiritildi.^[263][264] Dastlabki 50 ta Mi-MiEV 2011 yil oktyabr oyida shahar foydalanishi uchun etkazib berildi ijtimoiy ishchilar.^{[265][266][267][268]}

2016 va 2017 yillardagi turg'unlikdan so'ng yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) savdosi 2015 yilda 34 tadan 2018 yilda 85 taga ko'tarildi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 42 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy savdo hajmining 0,2 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

Estoniyaning ko'rsatkichlari boshqa rivojlangan iqtisodiyotlar bilan taqqoslaganda past, buning sababi uglerodga kredit berish sxemasi tugagandan so'ng hukumat tomonidan imtiyozlarning etishmasligi.^[269]

Ekvador

Janubiy Amerika davlatida elektr transport vositalariga taklif va talab kamayadi. Ayni paytda Guayakuil, Kito, Kuenka va Lojada elektr zaryadlovchi stansiyalar qurilmoqda. Ekvadorda 2019 yil iyunidan boshlab barcha elektr transport vositalari bojxona to'lovlari va soliqlardan ozod qilinadi. Mamlakatda elektr transport vositalarining taklifi o'sishi rejalashtirilgan. Ekvador hukumati bizni elektr transport vositalarini soliq imtiyozlari bilan rag'batlantirmoqda. Biroq, taklif ham, talab ham qisqa bo'lib qoldi, hukumatni elektr transport vositalari uchun barcha majburiyatlarni bekor qilishga undadi.

Evropa Ittifoqiga umumiy nuqtai

2011 yildan 2019 yilgacha Evropada plaginli elektr yo'lovchi avtoulovlarini yillik ro'yxatga olish evolyutsiyasi.

Evropada ikki milliondan ortiq kishi bor edi plaginli elektr yo'lovchi avtoulovlari va engil tijorat transport vositalari 2020 yil aprel oyining oxirida muomalada.^[270] 2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Evropaga jahon aktsiyalarining 25% to'g'ri keldi, bu Xitoydan keyin ikkinchi o'rinda turadi.^[1] Evropada 115 mingdan ortiq birlikka ega bo'lgan 2019 yilda jahon aktsiyalarining 31 foizini tashkil etadigan ikkinchi eng yirik elektr tijorat transport vositalari zaxiralari mavjud.^[1]

Plaginli avtoulov segmenti 2016 yilda yangi avtoulovlarni ro'yxatdan o'tkazishda bozor ulushining 1,3 foizini tashkil etdi va 2019 yilda 3,6 foizga ko'tarildi.^[271][272] Mintaqadagi eng yirik mamlakat bozorlari Norvegiya, Buyuk Britaniya, Germaniya, Frantsiya va Gollandiyadir.^[1]

Butun Evropa Ittifoqida yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) savdosi 2015 yildagi 58,975 dan 2018 yilda 150 056 taga ko'tarildi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 125 378 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy savdo hajmining 1,5 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

Qachon qo'shiladi EFTA, yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) savdosi 2015 yildagi 88.011 dan 2018 yilda 201.439 gacha ko'tarildi. Norvegiya EFTA da yangi BEV registrlarining eng ko'p hissasini qo'shmoqda.^[170] 2017 yilda BEV-ning yangi ro'yxatdan o'tganlarining umumiy soni 100000 ta transport vositasidan o'tdi

Finlyandiya

2016 yil oktyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], taxminan 2250 EV ro'yxatdan o'tkazildi.^[275] Yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) sotuvi 2015 yildagi 243 dan 2018 yilda 776 taga ko'tarildi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 995 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy savdo hajmining 1,7 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

2016 yil noyabr oyida hukumat 250 mingta plaginli avtoulov va 50 ming donani tashkil etish vazifasini qo'ydi biogaz 2030 yilgacha yo'lda mashinalar.^[275] Ushbu maqsadlar Finlyandiya hukumatining 2015 yilga muvofiq harakatlarining bir qismidir Parij kelishuvi.^[275]

Zaryadlashning asosiy infratuzilmasi butun Finlyandiyada mavjud bo'lib, u qishki dvigatelni oldindan isitish uchun ishlatiladi. Finlyandiya iqlimi - qishi sovuq va yozi iliq bo'lganligi sababli Finlyandiya elektromobillar uchun qulay "sinov laboratoriyasi" hisoblanadi.

Finlyandiyaning ko'plab kompaniyalari keyingi avlod avtoulovlarini ishlab chiqarish bilan shug'ullanadilar, shu jumladan Valmet Automotive,^[276] Fortum (kontseptual avtomobillar va infratuzilma), Vakon (elektr motor texnologiyasini ishlab chiqarish), Ensto (zaryadlovchi qurilmalarni ishlab chiqarish), Elkat (1980 yildan beri elektr transport vositalarini ishlab chiqarish), Poyga chiqish^[277] (juda kam sotiladigan maxsus elektr sport avtomobili).

Hozirda elektromobillar bilan bog'liq tadqiqotlar olib borilmoqda Finlyandiyaning VTT texnik tadqiqotlar markazi va Tekes.^[278]

Finlyandiyadagi elektr avtomobil tashkilotlariga Finlyandiyaning elektr transport vositalari assotsiatsiyasi va Finlyandiyaning elektr transport vositalari assotsiatsiyasi kiradi. Tijorat bo'lmagan elektr mashinalarni konversiya tashkiloti deyiladi Elektr mashinalari - Endi!^[279] Toyota Corollas-ni Li-ion batareyali elektromobillarga aylantiradi.

Frantsiya

2010 yildan 2019 yilgacha bo'lgan davrda Frantsiyada engil ishlaydigan plaginli transport vositalarini transport vositalarining turlari bo'yicha ro'yxatdan o'tkazish.

2020 yil fevral oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Frantsiyada yengil ishlaydigan elektr transport vositalarining kümülativ ro'yxatga olishlari 2010 yildan beri 240,032 to'liq elektr yo'lovchi avtoulovlari va kommunal furgonlar va 65 029 plaginli duragaylardan tashkil topgan 305.061 ta plaginli avtoulovlar va elektrotexnik mikroavtobuslarni tashkil etdi.^[280] Plaginli yo'lovchi avtoulovlar segmenti 2017 yilda rekord darajada bozor ulushiga erishdi, bu yangi avtoulovlarni ro'yxatdan o'tkazishning 1,98% ni tashkil etdi.^[73] Frantsiya 2016 yilda engil elektr tijorat transport vositalari yoki kommunal furgonlar uchun eng yirik Evropa bozori bo'ldi.^[254] Frantsiyada ro'yxatdan o'tgan engil elektr toki bilan ishlaydigan elektr transport vositalarining zaxirasi 2016 yil oktyabr oyida 100,000 donani tashkil etdi.^[45][46]

The Renault Zoe 2013 yildan buyon Frantsiyada elektromobillar savdosini boshqarib kelmoqda va 2020 yil iyunigacha ro'yxatdan o'tgan 100000 dan ortiq birliklari bilan mamlakatning eng ko'p sotilgan plaginidir.^[281]

Plug-in elektr avtomobillarini ro'yxatdan o'tkazish Renault Zoe 2013 yildan 2019 yilgacha bo'lgan etti yil davomida, 2020 yil iyunigacha sotuvlar 2012 yildan beri 102.087 donani tashkil etadi.^[282] Elektr ta'minoti van segmenti tomonidan boshqarilgan Renault Kangoo Z.E. 2019 yil fevral oyigacha 21000 donadan ortiq sotilgan.^[283]

Yangi elektromobillarni (BEV) ro'yxatdan o'tkazish 2010 yildagi 184 donadan 2018 yilda 32203 donaga, yangi ro'yxatdan o'tgan avtomobillarning 1,4 foiziga o'sdi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 21.024 ta yangi BEV ro'yxatdan o'tkazildi, bu yangi sotilgan avtomobillarning 1.8 foizini tashkil etadi.

2008 yilda Frantsiya a bonus-zararli kam emissiyali avtomobillar uchun sotib olishni rag'batlantirish va jarima to'lovini taklif qiluvchi tizim (zararli), yuqori emissiya vositalarini sotib olish uchun.^[284] 2015 yilda hukumat barcha elektr avtomobillarni sotib oluvchilar uchun qo'shimcha bonusni joriy qildi hurda 2001 yil 1 yanvardan oldin muomalada bo'lgan dizel dvigatelli avtomobil. 2016 yil sentyabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], 10000 dan ortiq xarid uchun qoldiq bonusi berilgan edi.^[285]

Germaniya

Germaniyada 2010 yildan 2019 yilgacha bo'lgan davrda avtoulovlarni transport vositalarining turlari bo'yicha yillik ro'yxatdan o'tkazish.

2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 2010 yildan beri Germaniyada jami ro'yxatdan o'tishlar 168.396 ta to'liq elektromobillar va 137.391 ta plaginli duragaylardan tashkil topgan 305.787 ta elektr plaginli yo'lovchi avtomobillarni tashkil etdi.^{[3][75][76][98]} Bundan tashqari, Germaniya 2019 yilda 21,890 ta engil elektr tijorat transport vositalarining zaxirasiga ega bo'lib, Evropada Frantsiyadan keyin ikkinchi o'rinda turadi.^[1]

2014 yil noyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], mamlakatda 4800 ta umumiy quvvat olish stantsiyalari mavjud edi.^[286]

2019 yilda ro'yxatdan o'tgan 108,839 yengil avtomashinalari bilan Germaniya 2019 yilda Evropa qit'asida eng ko'p sotilgan mamlakat bo'lib, 2018 yilga nisbatan 60,9 foizga o'sdi.^[61] Plaginli avtoulov segmenti 2019 yilda bozor ulushini 3,10% ga erishdi.^[98]

The Aqlli elektr haydovchi 2013 yilgacha Germaniyada plaginli elektromobillar segmentini boshqargan.^[287]

Uning ostida Elektr mobilligi bo'yicha milliy platforma, Kantsler Angela Merkel in 2010 set the goal of putting one million electric vehicles on German roads by 2020.^[288][289] Initially, the government did not provide subsidies in favor of research.^[288] The Bundestag passed the Electric Mobility Act in March 2015 that authorized local government to grant non-monetary incentives. The measures privilege battery-powered cars, fuel cell vehicles and some PHEVs, by granting local governments the authority to offer additional incentives.^{[290][291][292][293]}

The introduction of the purchase bonus noticeably impacted sales only in September 2016, when registrations grew to 3,061 units.^[294]

An incentive scheme was approved in April 2016 including purchase subsidies, charging stations and another federal government fleet purchases, with a target of 400,000 electric vehicles. Premium cars, such as the Tesla Model S and BMW i8, were not eligible.^{[295][296][297]}

2016 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], BMW, Citroën, Daimler, Ford, Hyundai, Kia, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Peugeot, Renault, Toyota, Volkswagen, and Volvo had signed up to participate in the scheme.^[298][299] The online application system to claim the bonus went into effect on 2 July 2016.^[300]

Gretsiya

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 35 in 2015 to 88 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 104 new BEVs were sold, representing 0.16% of the overall sales.^[170]

In June 2020, Greek Bosh Vazir Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced the government's plan to support the adoption of new akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalari (BEV) va plaginli gibrid elektr transport vositalari (PHEV) by individuals and corporations, with the aim for one-in-three new vehicles in Greece to be electric by 2030. The plan includes purchase subsidizing, exemption from the yo'l solig'i and any parking fees, as well as incentives for setting up charging stations, for pure electric private passenger cars and motorbikes, as well as for pure electric or plaginli gibrid taxis and engil tijorat transporti vositalari. The government's subsidy covers the purchase of new BEVs and PHEVs with a total of 100 million euros for 18 months in the first phase, which is estimated to cover 25% of the cost of about 14.000 new electric vehicles.^{[301][302][303]}

The government will subsidize the purchase of each new electric vehicle, covering 15% of its cost (up to € 5.500) for private passenger and light commercial vehicles, 20% of the cost (up to € 800) for motorbikes and 25% of the cost (up to € 8.000) for taxis. Vehicle owners that will concurrently retire their old vehicle will receive an additional bonus of up to € 2.500.^[304] Furthermore, expenses for charging the electric car will be exempt from taxable income. The benefit for each new electric car, if combined with the ecological bonus and the relevant tax exemptions, will approach 10.000 euros.^{[301][302][303]}

Gonkong

As of December 2017, 10,666 plug in vehicles were registered in Hong Kong.^[305] March 2017 saw 2,964 EVs registered in one month before first registration tax exemption was repealed. 2,939 of these cars were Tesla Model S and X.

Tesla Roadster charging at Central Star Ferry carpark in Hong Kong.

2016 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 6,298 plug-in vehicles were on the roads in Hong Kong,^[306] up from 3,253 in October 2015.^[307] The plug-in segment market share achieved 4.8% of new car sales in Hong Kong in 2015.^[306]

As of October 2015^[yangilash], more than 1,200 public elektr transport vositasini zaryadlash punktlari were available.^[307] More than a dozen models were available for retail customers.^[307]

Sales of electric cars took off in Hong Kong with the Tesla Model S in 2014.^[308][309] The tax waiver made the Model S competitive in the luxury car segment, at about half the price of other high-end models.^[308] According to Tesla, as of September 2016^[yangilash], Hong Kong had the world's highest density of Tesla superchargers, giving most Model S owners a supercharger within a 20-minute drive.^[310]

The Hukumat offered purchase incentives to consumers, businesses and service providers were available from 2011 to 2017. The Government further allocated HK$180.00 million for bus companies to purchase 36 electric buses.^[307]

Vengriya

In November 2018, 8,482 PEVs were registered in Hungary.The Hungarian government introduced its e-mobility plan in March 2014. The Jedlik plan supported the domestic production of electric vehicles, expanding the necessary infrastructure and promoting the purchase of EVs with public incentives,^[311] including 1.5 million HUF, initiated at the end of 2016.

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 115 in 2015 to 1300 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 801 new BEV were sold, representing 1.1% of the overall sales.^[170]

Islandiya

The plug-in car segment in Iceland reached 5.37% of all new vehicles registered in 2016, allowing the country to rank second in Europe after Norway that year.^[312] Registrations of new plug-in electric cars totaled 2,990 units in 2017, up 157% from the previous year. The segment's market share achieved a record 14%, globally, second only to Norway.^[313] The top selling plug-ins in 2017 were the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV with 884 units and the Nissan Leaf with 524.^[313] In 2018, 284 new BEV units were sold and 423 in the first half of 2019, representing 5.8% of the overall new cars sales.^[170]

The government eliminated VAT (24%) and CO
2-based fees (up to 65%) on new car purchases for EVs.^{[qachon? ][314]}

2017 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], Orka Náttúrunnar (ON) was working to complete a network of 50 kW CCS Combo /CHAdeMO stations along the Ring Road. Tesla opened its first supercharger in Reykjavík in December 2019, with 4 more planned around Iceland in 2020.^[315]

Tesla started delivery in Iceland on 28 February 2020 and was quickly the number 1 new electric car sold in Iceland.^[316] 2020 yil mart oyidan boshlab^[yangilash] passenger plug-in market share of total new car sales for the year 2020 has reached 55%.

Hindiston

A Mahindra e2o Nepalda

2015 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], over 6,000 plug-in cars were registered, consisting of 4,350 BEV cars and 1,660 PHEVs.^[21]The Indian government has Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric vehicles (FAME) scheme which provides incentives for purchasing electric vehicles.^{[317][tushuntirish kerak ]} Indian government has reduced GST rate on EVs from 12% to 5% in the Union Budget 2019 to encourage electric vehicles. The Indian government gives an additional tax benefit of Rs 1.5 lakh on the interest paid on loans taken to buy EVs.^[318][319] The EVs in India are exempted from paying road tax for vehicle registration.^[320]

Indoneziya

The government supported some trial models made by Tucuxi. Conversion of some vehicles to electric drivetrains was introduced during the APEC Meeting in October 2013.

Irlandiya

Sales of electric cars in Ireland increased more than four times in 2014 from a low base.^[321] Then, sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 466 in 2015 to 1233 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 1954 new BEV were sold, representing 2.4% of the overall sales.^[170]

The government committed to making 10% of all vehicles by 2020 (a projected 230,000 vehicles).^[322] Government officials reached agreements with French car maker Renault and its partner Nissan. 2014 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], purchase incentives became available.^[323]

As of the start of 2020, Electric Vehicles (EVs) was as a proportion of all cars for sale in Ireland very small, which could be seen in a snapshot (7 February 2020) of four different car sales websites (Autotrader.ie, Carsireland.ie, Carzone.ie, and Donedeal.ie) which showed that out of circa 38,000 to 70,000 cars listed for sale, only circa 0.7% to 1.1% were EV's, so in real terms only 431-616 EV cars were advertised for sale in the market.

This very low level of EVs compared poorly to the circa 25,338 to 46,940 diesel cars shown available for sale on the same date, representing a much larger, circa 64-67% of the market at that time.

The Irish Government (to January 2020) had stated an aim to ban the sale of petrol, diesel and hybrid new (‘non-electric’) cars from 2030 (compared to the proposed EU ban by 2040, and the UK's proposed ban on the sale of new petrol, diesel and hybrid cars from 2035 as announced in the first week of February 2020) though car dealers were reported in 2020 to consider the Irish Government's target for one million electric and plug-in hybrid cars to be in use by 2030, as far too ambitious, though Government grants of up to €10,000 also available (as of 2020)(The Irish Times, 7 February 2020). It was also reported (The Irish Times, 7 February 2020) in the Irish newspapers in February 2020 that there were at that time about 1,200 electric car (EV) charging points in Ireland, but that this was compared to Norway, the European leader in EV transition, with approximately 12,000 charging stations for circa 300,000 EVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV).

A compromise in terms of transition and non-electric ban implementation around 2030 maybe for acceptance also of Hybrid cars with smaller conventional petrol engines (regardless of whether the vehicles are ‘Full’ or ‘Mild’ hybrids) of for example at/ less than 1.6litre (1600cc) capacity, and/ or say less circa 100g/km CO2 or less in terms of emissions, or a good fuel efficiency rating (L/100 km ) for Highway/Extra Urban and ‘Combined’ journeys.

Italiya

BMW i3 patrol car of the Italian police at Vatikan shahri.

2015 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash] over 6,100 plug-in cars were registered, consisting of 4,580 BEV cars and 1,550 PHEVs.^[21]The top EV in 2015 was the Nissan Leaf (390 units sold).^[324]About 10,000 electric vehicles^[325] were sold in Italy in 2018, double the 2017 number of about 5,000.^[326]

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 1442 in 2015 to 4996 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 5040 new BEV were sold, representing 0.5% of the overall sales.^[170]

The government discontinued incentives in 2014 amid a limited public charging infrastructure and tepid reception. Further, many Italian houses were equipped with electric contracts allowing only 3 kW of peak consumption, making home charging of electric cars impractical.^{[327][328][329]}

Yaponiya

The Nissan Leaf is the top selling plug-in car in Japan ever, with close to 140,000 units sold by February 2020.^[330]

2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Japan had a stock of plug-in passenger cars of 294,000 units on the road, consisting of 152,320 all-electric cars (51.8%) and 141,680 plug-in hybrids (48.2%).^[1] The fleet of electric light commercial vehicles in use totaled 8,720 units in 2019.^[1]

Sales totaled 24,690 units in 2016, rose to 54,100 in 2017, and then declined to 49,750 in 2018, and fell to 38,900 in 2019.^[1] The segment market share declined from 0.68% in 2014 to 0.59% in 2016, and recovered to 1.1% in 2017, but drop to 0.9% in 2019.^[1][140][30] The decline in plug-in sales reflects the governmental and domestic carmaker decision to promote vodorod yonilg'i kamerasi vositalari o'rniga.^[331][332]

In May 2009 the Japanese Diet passed the "Green Vehicle Purchasing Promotion Measure".^[333] The program provided purchasing subsidies for cars, mini and keis, trucks and buses, including an extra subsidy for purchases trading in a sufficiently old used car.^[333][334] The program ended on 31 March 2010.^[335][336] The Japanese electric vehicle charging infrastructure climbed from 60 public stations in 2010 to 1,381 in 2012.^[337]

Mitsubishi introduced multiple plug-in vehicles: the Mitsubishi i MiEV 2009 yilda,^[337][338] The Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV 2011 yilda,^[339] a truck version of the Minicab MiEV^[340] va Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV 2013 yilda.^[341] The Nissan Leaf launched in 2010.^[342][343] The Toyota Prius PHEV was released in January 2012.^[344]

The Leaf is Japan's all-time best-selling plug-in car, with about 140,000 units delivered by February 2020.^[330] Prius PHEV sales since inception totaled about 61,200 units up to December 2018.^[345][68] 2018 yil mart holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], the Outlander PHEV had sold 42,451 units.^[346] Sales of the Outlander PHEV fell sharply from April 2016 as a result of Mitsubishi's fuel economy scandal.^[347]

Kosovo

There have not been much effort in by Kosovo of using Plug-in electric vehicles. However ProCredit Bank, Kosova, became the first institution in Kosovo to use electric vehicles, by buying 10 new Mitsubishi i-MiEV transport vositalari.^[348] In 2017, six teens in the city Gjakova, from BONEVET makerspace, became the first European teenager group to build an electric car out of a Renault Twingo, transforming it from a petrol-fuelled car to a fully functional electric car.^{[349][350][351][352]}

Latviya

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 17 in 2015 to 73 in 2018. At the first quarter of 2019, 46 new BEV were sold, representing 0.4% of the overall sales.^[170]

Litva

As of 1 July 2018, 806 EVs were registered. Registrations were led by Nissan (50%). Also 11198 hybrids registered in Lithuania by 1 July 2018. Registrations were led by Toyota (64%).^[353]

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 37 in 2015 to 143 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 75 new BEV were sold, representing 0.3% of the overall sales.^[170]

Meksika

A Nissan Leaf charging at a public charge station in Colonia Condesa, Mexiko.

In October 2009 Nissan reached an agreement with the Mexiko government, purchasing 500 Leafs for use of government and corporate fleets. Evaziga, recharging infrastructure was to be deployed by the city government.^[354][355] The first 100 Leafs (destined for the taxi fleet) were delivered in 2011.^{[356][357][358]}

2013 yil fevral oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], about 70 Leafs were deployed as taxis, 50 in Aguaskalentes va 20 dyuym Mexiko.^[359][360]

Retail Leaf sales began in June 2014.^[361] Retail deliveries of the BMW i3 began 2014.^[362][363]

The second generation Volt^[364] va Tesla Model S 2015 yilda boshlangan.^[365]

2012 yil oktyabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], no government purchase incentives were available. However, electric cars are exempted from Mexico City's driving restriction scheme Hoy sirkulasi yo'q.^[360]

Gollandiya

Number of total registered plug-in electric vehicles on the road in the Netherlands from 2011 to 2019.

2020 yil 31 mart holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], there were 218,501 highway-legal light-duty plug-in electric vehicles registered in the Netherlands, consisting of 116,148 pure electric cars, 97,553 kengaytirilgan and plug-in hybrids, and 4,800 all-electric light utility vans.^[366] The plug-in market share declined from 9.9% in 2015, to 6.7% in 2016, and fell to 2.6% in 2017.

A Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV Amsterdamda.

The Tesla Model S, released in the Dutch market in September 2013, is the country's top selling BEV car ever.^[47]

From 1 January 2016, all-electric vehicles continue to pay a 4% registration fee, but for a plug-in hybrids the fee rises from 7% to 15% if its CO
2 emissiyasi 50 g / km dan oshmaydi. An'anaviy ichki yonish mashinasi stavkasi uning balans qiymatining 25% ni tashkil qiladi.^[367][368]

The Dutch government set a target of 15,000 electric vehicles in 2015, 200,000 in 2020 and 1 million in 2025.^[369] The government exempted selected vehicles from registration fee and road taxes.^{[370][371][372]} The exemption from the registration tax ended in 2013.^[373] Batareyali elektr transport vositalari have special access to parking spaces in Amsterdam, queues for which can otherwise reach up to 10 years.^[374] Free charging is offered in public parking spaces.^[375]

Other factors contributing to the rapid adoption of plug-in electric vehicles are the Netherlands' small size, which reduces tashvish; atrof-muhit faolligining uzoq an'analari; yuqori benzin narxi (8.50 AQSh dollari per gallon as of January 2013); and some EV leasing programs that provide free or discounted gasoline-powered vehicles for covering long distances.^[375]

Yangi Zelandiya

As of May 2019^[yangilash], about 13,500 light-duty EVs were registered. The majority of the fleet (9,000) consists of used imports from Japan and the UK. The most popular model by far is the Nissan Leaf, with 7,300 registered.^[136]

The New Zealand Government launched an Electric Vehicle Programme in May 2016, in order to encourage EV uptake.^[376] Electric vehicles in New Zealand are exempt from road user charges until at least 31 December 2021,^[377] and pay the lower petrol rates for ACC levies on motor vehicle licensing.^[378]

Norvegiya

Registration of EVs in Norway by year between 2004 and 2019. Includes PHEVs and BEV cars and vans. Used imports are included.

Distribution of the Norwegian stock of passenger cars by type of fuel or powertrain at the end 2019.

2020 yil 31 mart holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], the stock of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles registered in Norway totaled 390,367 units in use, consisting of 268,962 all-electric passenger cars and vans, and 121,405 plug-in hybrids, including a significant number of used imports from neighboring countries.^[379] Norway's fleet of electric cars is one of the world's cleanest, because 99% of its power comes from gidroenergetika (Shuningdek qarang renewable energy in Norway ).^[380][381] Norway has the world's largest EV ownership per capita,^[382] with 21.5 plug-ins per 1,000 people as of July 2016.^[383]

The plug-in electric passenger car segment captured a market share of 29.1% in 2016,^[384] rose to 39.2% in 2017,^[96] and achieved a 49.1% in 2018, and 55.9% in 2019, meaning that every second new passenger car sold in Norway in 2019 was a plug-in electric.^[18][67] In January 2017 the electric-drive segment surpassed combined conventional internal combustion engine sales for the first time ever, achieving a combined market share of 51.4% of new car sales.^[385][386] In October 2018, Norway became the first country where 1 in every 10 passenger cars registered is a plug-in electric vehicle.^[19][387]

For all-battery cars alone, the sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 25,779 in 2015 to 46,092 in 2018. During 2019, 60,316 new passenger BEV were sold, representing 42.4% of the overall sales.^[18]

*Note: these figures are for registrations of new zero-emission passenger cars (ZEVs) so it includes a few FCVs

Norway was the first country in the world to have all-electric cars ranking as the best selling passenger car model of the year, and for two consecutive years. First, the Nissan Leaf, with 12,303 units registered in 2018, ended as the country's best selling new passenger car model, marking the first time an electric car tops annual sales of the passenger car segment.^[390][391] Thereafter, the Tesla Model 3 topped annual passenger car sales in 2019 with 15,683 units registered.^[392][393] Also, in March 2019, the Model 3, with over 5,300 units delivered, set the all-time record for monthly sales of a single passenger car model.^[393] Another record was set in 2018 and repeated in 2019, as the top 5 best selling passenger car models in both years were all plug-in electric models.^{[390][391][392]}

2018 yil mart holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV remained as the top selling plug-in hybrid with 14,196 new units sold.^[394] The Nissan Leaf continued to be the most popular model in the plug-in segment with 50,000 units registered by early December 2018, including used imports from neighboring countries,^[395] and representing 25% of total all-electric car registrations in Norway.^[395][396]

Hukumat imtiyozlari

The Norwegian government set a series of incentives to promote the adoption of nol emissiya vositalari (ZEVs). Electric vehicles are exempt from all non-recurring vehicle fees, making electric cars price competitive with conventional cars.^[397] BEVs are exempt from the annual yo'l solig'i, jamoat mashinalar uchun to'lovlar va toll payments (including domestic ferries), as well as given access to avtobus chiziqlari.^[382] Plug-in hybrids have a smaller market share than ZEVs because they are not eligible for the same incentives.^{[397][398][399]} In 2013 the government reduced taxes for to improve PHEV sales.^[399][400]

The initial 50,000 vehicle target was reached on 20 April 2015 at a cost of up to 4 billion kron (around US$640 million).^{[401][402][403]} The Government decided to continue the incentives through 2017, although the Parliament phased out some of the incentives.^[404][405] 2018 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], 24 out of 58 major municipalities kept the free parking for EVs. Among the 34 municipalities that terminated the benefit, six kept different variants of partial free parking.^[406]

In 2016, the government proposed its National Transport Plan 2018-2029 (NTP) with the goal that all new cars, buses and light commercial vehicles in 2025 should be zero emission vehicles. 2030 yilga kelib, og'ir yuk mashinalari, yangi shaharlararo avtobuslarning 75% va yangi yuk mashinalarining 50% nol emissiya vositalari bo'lishi kerak.^{[407][408][409]}

Pokiston

Dynasty IT was bought by Karakoram Motors of Pakistan, and now it is manufactured in Pakistan.^[410]

Pakistan already has a significant market for gibrid transport vositalari bilan Honda Vezel, Toyota Prius, Toyota Aqua, and other models seen on the roads. The Automotive Development Policy (2016-2021) and the launch of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) are encouraging foreign investments for the new automobile brands to enter Pakistani market, while the leading manufacturers in the automobile industry in Pakistan are now introducing EV models with a wide range of prices which target consumers of diverse income groups.^[411] Several members of the international automobile industry including Janubiy Koreya, Xitoy va Yaponiya also believe that Pakistan has a

In January 2017, Dewan Motors with BMW inaugurated Pakistan's first public charging station for electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in Emporium savdo markazi, Lahor. Dewan Motors had installed another station for plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles at Dolmen Mall in Karachi 2017 yil fevral oyida.^[412][413] Rahmat Group has acquired 25 acres of land to establish Electrical Complex at Nooriabad to produce electric vehicles. At the initial stage, the group will produce elektr avtobuslar to tap the transport market, and in the second phase, a manufacturing plant would be established at the complex to produce elektr mashinalar and two-wheelers.^[414]

On 2017, Jolta International had created the first locally manufactured electric motorcycle. The company is based just outside of Bahriya shahri Rawalpindi, and showcased three Jolta Chargeable Electrical Motorcycles in Gvadar.^[415][416]

Leading automobile manufacturers, including Super Power Motorcycles, have started introducing EV models. Neon, a Pakistan-based motorcycle assembler, has introduced an all electric Neon M3 motorbike in Pakistan. The macho looking sports bike comes with emission free and noiseless features. Neon also assembles Electric scooters in Pakistan.^[417]

Filippinlar

The country's first electric was launched at Silliman universiteti by Insular Technologies in August 2007.^[418][419] In some major cities such as Makati, electric Jipni (e-jeepneys) are used as well as electric tricycles (e-tricycles). The Philippine Public Utility Modernization Program (PUVMP) aims to employ around 100,000 e-tricycles annually and 200,000 e-jeepney in the next six years.^[420]

The Eagle G-Car is a Philippine BEV car (at a cost as low as $3,000-$6,000).^[421] E-Jeepneys were a venture of Renewable Independent Power Producer Inc., which sprang from Greenpeace and other groups, and Solarco, which in turn is a part of GRIPP.^[422]

During a demonstration at Nanyang Technological University on 7 February 2018, Nissan Philippines' president and managing director Ramesh Narasimhan has announced that they would like to bring the Leaf to the Filipino market.^[423]

Polsha

A Mitsubishi i-MiEV charging at a charging station.

2009 yilda, Polsha began developing charging station infrastructure in Gdansk, Katovitsa, Krakov, Mielec va Varshava with EU funds. In November 2017 an electric car sharing network opened in Vrotslav. The fleet is based on 2013 model of Nissan Leaf.

The biggest organization in Poland in the area of electric vehicles is Klaster Green Stream.^[424]The Polish company 3xE - samochody elektryczne (3xE - electric cars) offer elektr transport vositalarining konversiyasi of small city cars such as the Smart ForTwo, Citroën C1, Fiat Panda, Peugeot 107, Audi A2. The converted cars have a range of about 100 km (60 mi), using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO
₄) batteries va cho'tkasi bo'lmagan doimiy elektr motorlar.^[425]

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 70 in 2015 to 620 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 947 new BEV were sold, representing 0.3% of the overall sales.^[170]

Portugaliya

In 2015, the stock of EVs reached about 2,000, consisting of 1,280 BEV cars and 720 PHEVs. EV sales totaled 1,305 units in 2015, up 260% from 2014. The top selling model was the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (229).^[426]

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 645 in 2015 to 4073 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 3905 new BEV were sold, representing 3.0% of the overall sales.^[170]

2009 yilda, Portugaliya bilan ishlagan Renault va Nissan to create a national charging network.^[427]

In 2010, the government offered purchase incentives for the first 5,000 EVs and a separate scrappage incentive.^[428] EVs were exempted from the vehicle registration tax.^[175] These incentives were discontinued at the end of 2011.^[429]

Ruminiya

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 24 in 2015 to 605 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 456 new BEV were sold, representing 0.6% of the overall sales.^[170]

2019 yil iyun oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], over 3,000 EVs were registered. Registrations were led by the Renault Zoe.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} The government offered purchase incentives of 4200 euro (20000 RON) for a PHEV and 8400 euro (40000 RON) for BEV, although yearly capped (but not reached) and limited in time due to a yearly approval.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Rossiya

2016 yil iyul oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 722 EVs were registered. Registrations were led by the Mitsubishi i-MiEV.^[430]

Serbiya

2019 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 148 EVs were registered. Serbia has a network of over 30 charing stations (including 5 that are solar powered & 2 Tesla Super Chargers) with more planned for construction.^[431][432] In 2020, Serbia introduced new purchase & tax incentives for EVs & Hybrids offering up to 5000 euros to help accelerate electrification.^[433] Serbia is also home to about 10% of global Lithium reserves, the mining & processing of which will be done in partnership with Rio Tinto who have committed $1.5 billion of investment in the country.^[434] The government is currently looking to utilize this resource to produce a major EV battery plant & Rio Tinto is helping locate a strategic partner for this venture.^[435]

Singapur

As of October 2016^[yangilash], 129 EVs were registered with the BMW i3 and i8 range being the highest selling brand.^[306] Adoption was slowed by high purchase prices, lack of public charging infrastructure and unclear national policies. As of October 2016^[yangilash], 74 public charging stations were operating.^[306]

The government offered purchase incentives, although the country's taxation scheme made EVs more expensive than a conventional car. EVs face a carbon surcharge and a scrap rebate, along with the annual road tax.^[306]

In February 2017, Singapore had the largest fleet of electric taxis in southeast Asia, with 100 vehicles from BYD.^[436]

By December 2018, there were 466 fully electric cars registered in Singapore, 0.08% of the total, and 357 plug-in hybrids, 0.06%.^[437]

Slovakiya

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 52 in 2015 to 309 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 95 new BEV were sold, representing 0.2% of the overall sales.^[170]

Sloveniya

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 288 in 2017 to 467 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 264 new BEV were sold, representing 0.7% of the overall sales.^[170]

Janubiy Afrika

2015 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], about 290 plug-in cars were registered, all in 2015.^[21] The Nissan Leaf was introduced in October 2013.As of January 2018^[yangilash], this number has increased to 375, 0.2% of all registered vehicles.

GridCars is a Pretoriya -based company promoting Commuter Cars, based on the TREV from Australia. The concept is to build ultra-light EVs, lessening demand on battery requirements, and making the vehicle more affordable.^[438] The Joule tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Keyptaun -based failed start-up Optimal Energy,^[439] was announced at the 2008 Parij avtoulovi, with a maximum range of 300 km (190 mi).^[440]

The country has a 45% tax on electric vehicles which discourages their import.^[441] New internal combustion engine vehicles face a surcharge based on engine capacity.^[442]

Janubiy Koreya

As of October 2016^[yangilash], about 7,200 plug-in cars had been sold.^[21][444] 2,896 EVs were sold during the first ten months of 2016, up 12% year-on-year.^[444]

2014 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], all electric models on sale were manufactured by local firms.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} The top selling models during 2015 were the Kia Soul EV (657) and the Samsung SM3 Z.E. (640).^[445] The Hyundai Ioniq Electric 2016 yil iyul oyida chiqarilgan.^[446]

The government offers a purchase subsidy for electric cars. Starting in 2016, the EV purchase tax surcharge was reduced, although EV drivers see various fees.^[447]

By 2018 there were a total of 59,600 electric cars on Korean streets. Nearly 34,000 electric vehicles have been sold in 2018 in Korea. It shows a steep increase. The market share of battery-electric and plugin-electric vehicles in Korea is at 2.21%. And there were over 9,000 public chargers in Korea.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Ispaniya

EV registrations in Spain by year between 2010 and 2017.

The stock of plug-in cars reached almost 6,000 plug-in as of 2015, consisting of 4,460 BEV cars and 1,490 PHEVs.^[21] The top selling model in 2015 was the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (389).^[448]

3,129 EVs were sold in Spain during the first three quarters of 2016. Sales continued to grow at an accelerated pace, up 79% from the same period in 2015.

Sales of new battery electric vehicles (BEV) rose from 1342 in 2015 to 5984 in 2018. At the first half of 2019, 5452 new BEV were sold, representing 0.8% of the overall sales.^[170] For the whole 2019, the sales came to 1.4% of all new registrations.

In 2011 the national government initiated EV purchase incentives.^[449] Aragon, Asturiya, Baleares, Madrid, Navarra, "Valensiya", Kastilya-La Mancha, Murcia, Kastiliya va Leon offered additional incentives.^[175]

Shri-Lanka

2015 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 2,072 electric cars had been registered, led by the Nissan Leaf. EV sales experienced a record month in September 2015 with 471 units registered, up from only 15 in September 2014.^[450]

Nissan Leaf sotuvi 2013 yilda boshlangan.^[451]

Hech qanday hukumat tomonidan rag'batlantirish EVni targ'ib qilmaydi. Yangi hukumatning Vaqtinchalik byudjeti orqali elektr transport vositalariga soliq 5% dan 50% gacha ko'tarildi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Shvetsiya

2011 yildan 2019 yilgacha Shvetsiyada EV ro'yxatdan o'tishlari.

2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 2011 yildan buyon jami 121,626 ta engil elektr toki bilan ishlaydigan elektr transport vositalari ro'yxatga olingan, ular 82,780 ta plaginli duragaylar, 34 902 ta to'liq elektr avtomobillar va 3 944 ta to'liq elektr tijorat mikroavtobuslaridan iborat.^{[99][111][112][452][453][454][455][456]} Bozorda plaginli duragaylar hukmronlik qilmoqda, bu 2017 yilgacha plaginli avtoulovlarni ro'yxatdan o'tkazishning 74,9 foizini tashkil etadi va 2019 yilgacha 70,3 foizgacha biroz pasaygan.^{[99][111][112][452][454][455]} Yo'lovchi plaginlari o'zlarining bozor ulushini 2016 yildagi 3,5 foizdan 2017 yilda 5,2 foizga, 2018 yilda 8,2 foizga oshirdi va 2019 yilda 11,3 foizga erishdi.^[99][112]

2017 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Outlander PHEV 9,957 dona ro'yxatdan o'tgan eng ko'p sotiladigan plaginli elektr mashinalar qatoriga kirishda davom etmoqda.^[457] 2016 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Renault Kangoo Z.E. 1024 ta birlik bilan EV savdo-sotiq kommunal xizmatlari bo'yicha har doim etakchi sifatida davom etdi.^{[111][452][454][455]}

2012 yil yanvar oyidan boshlab Shvetsiya 5000 ta elektromobil va uglerod chiqindilari kam bo'lgan boshqa "super yashil mashinalar" ni sotib olish va ishlatish uchun subsidiyalar taklif qildi.^[370][458] Dastur 2015 yilgacha kechiktirib yangilandi^[456] va yana 2016 yilda elektr avtobuslari uchun subsidiyalar qo'shilishi bilan.^[459]

Shveytsariya

2016 yil aprel oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 2012 yildan beri 12000 dan ortiq EV ro'yxatdan o'tgan.^[460]

Yangi akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositalarining (BEV) sotuvi 2015 yildagi 3257 dan 2018 yilda 5139 taga ko'tarildi. 2019 yilning birinchi yarmida 5938 ta yangi BEV sotildi, bu umumiy sotuvlarning 3,8 foizini tashkil etadi.^[170]

Mitsubishi i MiEV-ni etkazib berish.^[461] Nissan Leaf 2011 yilda chiqarilgan.^[462][463]

Hukumat EV sotib olish uchun hech qanday subsidiya va imtiyozlar bermaydi.^[464] Kantonlar avtomobilning samaradorligi belgisiga qarab yillik soliqlarga maxsus chegirmalar taklif qilishi mumkin va 100% chegirmadan (masalan, Solothurn) 0% gacha.^[465]

Tayvan

Tayvanda havo sifati bilan bog'liq xavotirlar tufayli yaqin o'n yilliklarda barcha elektr bo'lmagan transport vositalarini taqiqlash rejasi bor. Rejada barcha yangi hukumat avtoulovlari va jamoat avtobuslari 2030 yilgacha elektr energiyasi bilan ta'minlanishi, 2035 yilgacha elektr bo'lmagan mototsikllar sotilishini taqiqlash va 2040 yilgacha elektr bo'lmagan to'rt g'ildirakli transport vositalarini sotish taqiqlangan.^[466]

2014 yilda mahalliy taksi assotsiatsiyasi 1500 dan ortiq elektr miniven sotib oldi.^[467]

kurka

2019 yilda Turkiyada sotilgan avtomobillarning 0,1% gibrid yoki elektr edi.^[468]

Ukraina

Nissan Leaf ichida Xarkov —EcoTaxi, 2016 yil

2020 yil 1 avgust holatiga ko'ra Ukrainada 46000 ta yashil avtomobil ro'yxatdan o'tkazildi. Ularning 23 mingtasi to'liq elektr transport vositalari edi.^[469]

2019 yil 1 yanvardan boshlab^[yangilash], Ukrainada 10714 ta plagin va 9,170 ta duragaylardan tashkil topgan 19884 ta plaginli avtomobillar va an'anaviy duragaylar ro'yxatdan o'tgan.^[470] 2018 yil davomida elektromobillar soni 73 foizga o'sdi (5557 ta avtomobil).^[471] 2018 yilda birinchi marta ro'yxatdan o'tgan yangi va ishlatilgan avtomobillarning EV bozor ulushi 2,8% ni tashkil etdi, bu umumiy ro'yxatdan o'tgan 198,600 ta avtomobillarning 5557 tasiga to'g'ri keladi.^[472]

Ukraina hukumati 2019 yilgi byudjet to'g'risidagi qonunni qabul qildi, unda plaginli avtoulovlar uchun amaldagi 2018 yilgi soliq imtiyozlari 2023 yilgacha uzaytirildi.^[473] Ikkala yangi va ikkinchi qo'l plaginli BEVlar (benzin oralig'ini kengaytirgichlarsiz) QQS, import bojlari va aktsiz solig'isiz olib kirilishi mumkin. Qonundan kelib chiqqan holda, masalan, Tesla Model 3 kabi yangi avtoulovlarni Evropaning boshqa mamlakatlaridan arzonroq narxga sotib olish mumkin.^[474] Bu 2018 yilda talabni rag'batlantirdi va tendentsiya 2019 yilgacha davom etadi.

2018 yil noyabr oyida EV importi 2017 yil noyabrga nisbatan deyarli 250% ni tashkil etdi.^[475]

2019 yilda ushbu mamlakatda 7542 ta avtotransport vositasi ro'yxatdan o'tkazildi. Tijorat elektr transport vositalari bozori bir yarim baravar o'sdi. Ukrainadagi eng mashhur elektr transport vositasi - NISSAN Leaf. O'tgan yili ushbu mamlakatda ushbu modeldagi 3 217 ta avtoulov hovuziga qo'shildi. Tesla Model S ikkinchi o'rinni egallab turibdi, Ukrainada 623 avtomobil egalari bor. Uchinchi o'rin VOLKSWAGEN e-Golfga tegishli bo'lib, 360 ukrainalik o'z foydasiga o'z tanlovini amalga oshirmoqda.^[476]

Birlashgan Qirollik

Ushbu bo'lim bo'lishi kerak yangilangan. Iltimos, ushbu maqolani so'nggi voqealarni yoki yangi mavjud ma'lumotlarni aks ettirish uchun yangilang. (Oktyabr 2020)

2011 yildan 2019 yilgacha Buyuk Britaniyada plaginli elektromobillarni yillik ro'yxatdan o'tkazish.

The REVAi / G-Wiz i ko'chadagi stantsiyada elektr mashinani zaryad qilish London.

Taxminan 298,000 engil yuk plaginli elektr transport vositalari 2020 yil apreligacha Buyuk Britaniyada ro'yxatdan o'tgan edi, shu jumladan, taxminan 8800 ta plaginli savdo mikroavtobuslari.^[69]

2018 yil 18-yanvar holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Buyuk Britaniyada 6,703 joyda 19108 ta umumiy quvvat olish punktlari mavjud edi, ulardan 4 391 tasi tez zaryadlash 1332 ta joyda joylashgan.^[477]

Plaginli avtoulovlar savdosining o'sishi 2014 yildan boshlandi. Jami ro'yxatga olishlar 2013 yildagi 3586 tani, 2016 yildagi 37 092 kishini tashkil etdi va 2018 yilda 59 911 taga etdi.^{[71][135][478]} Plagin segmentining bozor ulushi 2013 yildagi 0,16% dan 2014 yilda 0,59% gacha etdi va 2018 yilda 2,6% ga etdi.^{[71][134][478]}

2018 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV Buyuk Britaniyada eng ko'p sotilgan plaginli avtomobil deyarli 37000 dona ro'yxatdan o'tgan, keyin esa butun elektr Nissan Leaf deyarli 24000 dona.^[69]

Hukumat imtiyozlari

Hukumat sotib olish uchun imtiyozlarni Plug-in Car Grant Dastur 2011 yilda boshlangan. Dasturga 2012 yil fevral oyida mikroavtobuslar va 2016 yil oktyabr oyida yirik elektr yuk mashinalarini kiritish uchun kengaytirilgan. 2018 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash]2011 yilda Plug-in Car Grant ishga tushirilgandan beri jami 176 962 ta tegishli avtomobillar subsidiyadan foydalangan,^[479] va 2018 yil sentyabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Plug-in Van Grant sxemasi orqali qilingan da'volar soni 2012 yilda dastur boshlangandan beri 5,218 donani tashkil etdi.^[480] 2014 yil aprel va 2015 yil dekabrda hukumat dasturni o'zgartirishlar bilan uzaytirdi. Ultra past emissiya vositalari (ULEV) vodorodni o'z ichiga oladi yonilg'i kamerasi vositalari.^{[481][482][483]}

Alohida-alohida, hukumat uy egalariga "Elektr transport vositalarini uy-joy bilan to'ldirish sxemasi" orqali uyda zaryadlash punktlarini o'rnatish uchun subsidiya ajratdi.^[482][483] To'liq elektr transport vositalari va tegishli plaginli duragaylar dan 100% chegirmaga ega bo'lish London tirbandligi uchun to'lov.^[484] Shu bilan birga, 2019 yil 8 apreldan boshlab ULED sxemasi transport vositalarining chegirmasi bilan almashtiriladi, bu chegirmani faqat avtoulovlarga cheklaydi. Evro 6, 75 g / km gacha chiqaradigan CO
2 va kamida 20 milya (32 km) nol emissiya oralig'iga ega. 2021 yil oktyabrdan keyingi bosqich faqatgina buni anglatadi emissiyasi nolga teng vositalar (akkumulyatorli elektr transport vositasi va vodorod yonilg'i kamerasi vositalari ) 2025 yil dekabridan boshlab butunlay bekor qilinadigan chegirmaga ega bo'ladi.^[485]

Qo'shma Shtatlar

2010 yil dekabrdan 2019 yilgacha AQShda plaginli yengil avtomobillarning yillik savdosi.

2019 yil dekabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 2010 yildan beri AQShda avtomobil yo'llarining yuridik ulanadigan elektromobillarining yig'ma savdosi 1,4 million donani tashkil etdi.^[1] Kaliforniya mamlakatdagi eng yirik plagin mintaqaviy bozor bo'lib, 2019 yilgacha 668 827 ta plaginli mashinalar sotildi, bu milliy sotuvlarning deyarli yarmi.^[13][14][15] Keyingi to'qqizta davlat Kaliforniya havo resurslari kengashi Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) qoidalari Amerika aktsiyalarining yana 10 foizini tashkil etdi.^[486]

The Tesla Model S (old) AQShda 2015 yildan 2017 yilgacha eng ko'p sotiladigan plaginli avtomobil bo'lgan va Tesla Model 3 (orqada) 2018 va 2019 yillarda sotuvlarni boshqargan.^{[12][487][11]}

2016 yilda mamlakat miqyosida jami 157181 ta plaginli avtomobillar sotilgan, 2017 yilda sotuvlar 199.818 gacha o'sgan va 2018 yilda rekord savdo hajmi 361.307 donani tashkil etgan. 2019 yilda sotuvlar 329.528 donaga kamaygan.^{[12][488][11]}

Plagin segmenti 2017 yilda 1,13% bozor ulushiga ega edi, 2016 yilda 0,90% bo'lsa, keyin 2018 yilda 2,1% gacha ko'tarildi, ammo 2019 yilda 1,9% gacha biroz pasayib ketdi.^{[86][137][488][489]}

2018 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Chevrolet Volt plaginli gibrid Ikkala avlodning 152,144 donasi bo'lgan eng ko'p sotiladigan plaginli elektromobil eng yaxshi sotuvchisi bo'ldi.^{[12][490][491]} Model S 2015 yildan 2017 yilgacha ketma-ket uch yil davomida AQShda eng ko'p sotilgan plaginli mashina bo'ldi,^[487] va Model 3 2018 va 2019 yillarda sotuvlar bo'yicha birinchi o'rinni egalladi.^[12][11] Bundan tashqari, Model 3 2019 yilda ishlab chiqarilishi to'xtatilgan Chevrolet Volt-dan oshib ketdi va AQSh tarixidagi eng ko'p sotiladigan plaginli mashinaga aylandi. Tesla Model S to'liq elektr mashina taxminan 157,992 va Chevrolet Volt bilan 157,054.^[492]

The federal soliq imtiyozi yangi plaginli elektr transport vositalari (PEV) uchun arziydi 2500 AQSh dollari va 7500 AQSh dollari batareyaning quvvatiga qarab.^[493] Bir nechta shtatlar qo'shimcha imtiyozlarni o'rnatdilar.

Shuningdek qarang

• Qazib olinadigan yoqilg'i bilan ishlaydigan transport vositalarini yo'q qilish
• Plaginli elektr transport vositalari uchun davlat tomonidan imtiyozlar
• Zamonaviy ishlab chiqariladigan plaginli elektr transport vositalarining ro'yxati
• Mahalla elektr transporti vositasi
• Evropada ulangan elektr transport vositalari
• Qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalari mamlakatlari bo'yicha

Adabiyotlar